Enchiridion 3 and 4 at Work: Two Exercises for Disordered Conditions v0.1
Enchiridion 3 and 4 at Work: Two Exercises for Disordered Conditions v0.1
Theoretical foundations: Grant C. Sterling (Eastern Illinois University). Analysis and synthesis: Dave Kelly. Prose rendering: Claude (Anthropic). 2026.
Jess asked in Donald Robertson’s Facebook group how one remains Stoic in disordered work conditions, and answered in the same post. Dave Kelly commented: “Apply Epictetus’ foremost training exercises: Enchiridion 3 and 4.” This document develops that comment.
The Beginning
Everyone wants happiness (Th1), and it is irrational to accept incomplete happiness where complete is available (Th2). A desire for what is out of one’s control leaves a man open to unhappiness (4), so complete happiness must lie in what is in his control. Only beliefs and will are (Th6). Desires follow judgments about good and evil (Th7). Only virtue is good and only vice evil (Th10), so externals are never either (12). He who values only virtue judges truly and is immune to unhappiness (14).
Definitions
- External: whatever is not one’s own belief or act of will (Th6, 12). Sterling names the job as one (Excerpt 7, clauses c and d).
- False good: an external judged good. The judgment is false as a fact about value (Excerpt 6, item 3), not because it is evaluative.
- Aim and desire: an act of will must aim at some result (Th24), and some externals are appropriate to aim at without being good (Th25). To desire one is to judge it good (Th7).
- Reservation: aiming at a result if possible, the outcome not being in one’s control (Excerpt 10).
The Post
How does one remain Stoic in disordered work conditions?
Well, if you have the dichotomy of control down pat, you shouldn’t have any problems I’d reckon. Make sure you attach virtue to those things that are up to you and externals to those things not up to you.
How you respond is everything as a Stoic. So, just make sure you assent to truthful impressions and don’t assent to false impressions. What are truthful impressions? Usually objective things like, “there’s a cow in front of me.” What are false impressions. Usually evaluative subjective things like “that cow looks good to eat.” Replace “goods” with “preferences.” “That cow looks preferable to eat” or “that cow looks preferable to milk.”
Even if you progress significantly as a Stoic, you’ll still find you’ll have impressions that something external seems bad or good but you’ll be more likely to not assent to those impressions. You’ll also assent to appropriate actions.
What it has: assent is the whole matter (Excerpt 7), impressions that an external is good or bad are refused (clause a), “preferences” stand in place of goods (Th25), and it ends on appropriate action (clause d).
What it lacks:
- The value premise. Control “down pat” is given the whole load, but the result at 14 needs Th7 and Th10.
- The ground. The post calls the refused impressions “evaluative subjective.” If evaluations are subjective, “preferable” is as subjective as “good,” and the swap corrects nothing. They are false because they misstate a fact about value (Excerpt 6; C5, C6). True value and action propositions are assented to (clauses c, d, e).
- An exercise. The post says what to do, not how a man trains to do it, and its example never reaches the workplace. Enchiridion 3 and 4 supply both.
Both sections stand in The Little Enchiridion, beside Sterling’s introduction and a chapter on indifferents. Sterling says of the opening: “we get that beautiful worldview in the first 5 sections.”
Enchiridion 3: What He Is Fond Of
With everything which entertains you, is useful, or of which you are fond, remember to say to yourself, beginning with the very least things, “What is its nature?” If you are fond of a jug, say, “I am fond of a jug”; for when it is broken you will not be disturbed. If you kiss your own child or wife, say to yourself that you are kissing a human being; for when it dies you will not be disturbed.
The exercise is done on things a man enjoys, uses or is fond of. It consists in stating what the thing is. “I am fond of a jug” states that he is fond of it and that it is a jug, a thing that breaks. Nothing in the statement says the jug is good. This is Excerpt 7, clause (c): formulating true propositions about the lack of value of externals, in advance where possible. Sterling’s list there runs from life and health to “your job.”
It begins “with the very least things.” Each refusal of a false value impression makes that type weaker and less common (Excerpt 7, “One final thing,” a). So the practice is built on small objects before it is asked to hold on large ones.
The stated end is that he “will not be disturbed.” Sterling says the same of the hardest case: with the false belief gone, he can “prevent all grief when my child or wife dies” (Excerpt 2).
At work, the things he is fond of are the false goods he fears to lose. From least to greatest: the settled routine, the orderly day, credit, the regard of his boss and colleagues, the promotion, the income, the post, the career. Of each he says what it is: “I am fond of an orderly day; it is an arrangement other people keep or break.” “I am fond of my post; it is an office another man can end.”
Enchiridion 4: What He Undertakes
When you are on the point of putting your hand to some undertaking, remind yourself what the nature of that undertaking is. If you are going out of the house to bathe, put before your mind what happens at a public bath—those who splash you with water, those who jostle against you, those who vilify you and rob you. And thus you will set about your undertaking more securely if at the outset you say to yourself, “I want to take a bath, and, at the same time, to keep my moral purpose in harmony with nature.” And so do in every undertaking. For thus, if anything happens to hinder you in your bathing, you will be ready to say, “Oh, well, this was not the only thing that I wanted, but I wanted also to keep my moral purpose in harmony with nature; and I shall not so keep it if I am vexed at what is going on.”
The exercise is done before an undertaking and has two parts.
First, he puts before his mind what ordinarily happens there. These are value-neutral statements of fact (Excerpt 7), made in advance. In a disordered workplace, instructions will change, information will be missing, others’ work will be late, and blame will fall in the wrong place.
Second, he states his aim as double: the undertaking, and his will kept correct. (Oldfather’s “moral purpose” is prohairesis.) The undertaking is an appropriate object of aim (Th24–26). The correct will is the only thing in the sentence that is good (Th10, Th27) and the only one he may desire (15). Virtue is the pursuit of the first kind of object without desire for the outcome (29).
“This was not the only thing that I wanted” is the reservation, spoken when the hindrance comes. Sterling’s parallel is the closed restaurant: “I am not in the least upset” (Excerpt 10). The choice was correct when it was made.
“I shall not so keep it if I am vexed.” Vexation follows assent to the impression that the hindrance is an evil (Excerpt 4, a; Excerpt 7). Once vexed, he has lost the one aim of the two that was in his control.
At work: “I am going in to do today’s work, and to keep my will correct. If the work is hindered, the work was not the only thing I aimed at.” What he then does is settled by clause (d): the duties of his role and what is preferred, with the job held as an external.
Why These Two
Enchiridion 3 corrects the judgment about what he has, and Enchiridion 4 the judgment about what he does. Between them they cover Excerpt 7’s two advance tasks, true value propositions (c) and true action propositions (d). Both are done beforehand, which is what makes them training. Sterling says of clause (c): “As far as possible, do this in advance.”
Disordered conditions add nothing the exercises do not already name. Disorder is what Enchiridion 4 tells him to expect, and order is one more thing Enchiridion 3 tells him he is fond of.
What This Document Does Not Claim
- That Sterling calls Enchiridion 3 and 4 the foremost training exercises. That is Dave Kelly’s characterization; Sterling’s statement concerns the first five sections together.
- That Sterling pairs Enchiridion 3 with clause (c) and 4 with clause (d). The pairing is a reading.
- That order at work is on Th26’s list. It is applied through clause (d)’s role duties.
- What “fond” comes to once the judgment is corrected. Th18–19 bear on it; no ruling is made here.
- That the post was checked at its source. It is given as relayed, and the group is named as Dave Kelly named it.
Sources
- Core Stoicism: Th1, Th2, 4, Th6, Th7, Th10, 12, 14, 15, Th24–27, 29.
- Nine Excerpts: Excerpts 2, 4, 6, 7 and 10.
- The Little Enchiridion: Enchiridion 3 and 4 (W. A. Oldfather’s translation) and Sterling’s introduction, from “Harshness and Beauty in Epictetus.”
- Jess’s post and Dave Kelly’s comment, Facebook, 9 October 2026.
Version Note
v0.1. First draft.
Theoretical foundations: Grant C. Sterling (Eastern Illinois University). Analysis and synthesis: Dave Kelly. Prose rendering: Claude (Anthropic). 2026.