The Stoic 500
The Stoic 500
It organizes 500 precisely defined terms, each rooted in Indo-European semantic primitives, into a coherent structure spanning judgment, impulse, emotion, character, action, discipline, and metaphysics.
Together these terms form a unified vocabulary for understanding and practicing Epictetan Stoicism with clarity, consistency, and internal precision.
TIER 1 — CORE STOIC FACULTIES
Foundational Mental Operations (1–20)
1. Impression
PIE: √em (to move, stir)
The propositional appearance presented to the mind.
Function: Origin-point of all Stoic cognition.
2. Assent
PIE: √sent (to judge, perceive)
The acceptance of an impression’s proposition as true.
Function: Determines truth/falsity and initiates action.
3. Impulse
PIE: √pel (to drive, push)
The movement of the rational faculty toward action based on assent.
Function: The motivational engine of behavior.
4. Desire
PIE: √des (to wish for)
Rational movement toward what appears good.
Function: Must be restricted to internals.
5. Aversion
PIE: √wer (to guard, turn away)
Movement away from what appears evil.
Function: Must be confined to evils under one’s control.
6. Judgment
PIE: √yeu (to join → evaluate)
The mind’s classification of an impression’s truth-value.
Function: Directly governs emotional life.
7. Choice (Prohairesis)
PIE: √gher (to desire + set apart)
The ruling faculty’s selection of action.
Function: Seat of moral responsibility.
8. Reason
PIE: √reg (to rule, order)
The faculty that aligns judgment with truth.
Function: Normative standard for all internal activity.
9. Observation
PIE: √weid (to see)
The direct reception of appearances without interpretation.
Function: Begins examination.
10. Attention
PIE: √ten (to stretch toward)
Active mental focus applied to impressions.
Function: Precondition for correct use of impressions.
11. Reflection
PIE: √bhleg (to shine → to think)
Deliberate review of impressions and judgments.
Function: Strengthens metacognition.
12. Deliberation
PIE: √leubh (to care, consider)
Reason’s process of weighing possible actions.
Function: Guides impulse into correct action.
13. Intention
PIE: √ten (to stretch toward a goal)
The chosen internal aim of action.
Function: Determines moral character of behavior.
14. Will (Volition)
PIE: √wel (to wish, will)
The disposition of choice toward rational action.
Function: Expresses inner freedom.
15. Moral-Purpose
PIE: √mor (custom → moral)
The commitment to keep prohairesis aligned with reason.
Function: Core of Epictetan practice.
16. Discernment
PIE: √sker (to cut, separate)
The ability to distinguish internal from external.
Function: Ground of CE-1.
17. Self-Command
PIE: √mandu (to direct, order)
Reason’s authority over impulses.
Function: Enables autonomy.
18. Self-Consistency
PIE: √stah₂ (to stand firm)
The harmony of judgment, desire, and action.
Function: Condition for virtue.
19. Moral-Identity
PIE: √eyd (to appear → to be seen as)
The stable configuration of one’s rational commitments.
Function: The unified character of prohairesis.
20. Internal-Freedom
PIE: √prī (beloved, free)
Freedom grounded solely in correct assent.
Function: The Stoic definition of freedom.
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TIER 2 — INTERNAL–EXTERNAL DIVISION
The Dichotomy of Internals and Externals (21–60)
Internals = judgment, assent, impulse, choice, moral purpose.
Externals = body, property, reputation, offices, outcomes, events.
Only internals are free, moral, and truly one’s own.
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21. Internal-Domain
PIE: √en (in) + √dem (build, form)
The sphere of judgment, assent, impulse, and choice.
Function: The only domain containing moral value.
22. External-Domain
PIE: √eks (out) + √dem (form)
All things outside judgment and choice: body, fortune, events.
Function: Domain of indifferents.
23. Sphere-of-Internals
PIE: √sker (cut, separate)
All that belongs to the mind’s own activity.
Function: Positive side of the dichotomy.
24. Sphere-of-Externals
PIE: √ne (not) + √sker
All that lies outside one’s moral faculty.
Function: Negative side of the dichotomy.
25. Internal-Action
PIE: √ag (do)
The activity of the ruling faculty: assent + impulse.
Function: True Stoic action.
26. External-Event
PIE: √bheu (to become)
Something that happens outside of prohairesis.
Function: Never good or evil.
27. Internal-Good
PIE: √gen (to give birth)
Virtue, right reason, and correct judgment.
Function: The sole good.
28. External-Indifferent
PIE: √neut (neither)
Everything outside the mind’s activity.
Function: Neither good nor evil.
29. Internal-Evil
PIE: √upo (under) + √ag
Vice: false judgment, wrong valuation.
Function: The only evil.
30. External-Illusion
PIE: √leudh (to play, feign)
The mistaken appearance that externals contain value.
Function: Origin of pathē.
31. Intrinsic-Value
PIE: √wer (worth)
Value grounded solely in correct judgment.
Function: Basis of moral realism.
32. Extrinsic-Appearance
PIE: √per (around)
The illusion of value attributed to externals.
Function: Must be rejected.
33. Internal–External-Distinction
PIE: √dek (divide)
Separating what is in the mind from what is outside it.
Function: First test of CE-1.
34. Boundary-Recognition
PIE: √bhergh (border)
Seeing clearly the line between internal and external.
Function: Prevents mistaken judgments.
35. Internal-Authority
PIE: √aug (increase inner power)**
Reason’s rule within one’s own faculty.
Function: Foundation of autonomy.
36. External-Dependency
PIE: √pend (hang on)
Dependence on what lies outside prohairesis.
Function: Source of anxiety.
37. Self-Sufficiency
PIE: √se (self) + √bhei (to be)**
Possessing all good within the internal faculty.
Function: Stoic autarkeia.
38. External-Futility
PIE: √gʷem (to go → fleeting)**
Recognizing that externals cannot secure happiness.
Function: Breaks attachment.
39. Internal-Strength
PIE: √streg (tighten)**
Stability arising from correct assent.
Function: Makes prohairesis unshakeable.
40. External-Weakness
PIE: √weg (empty, lacking power)**
The inherent vulnerability of externals.
Function: Shows why externals cannot be good.
41. Internal-Ownership
PIE: √reg (rule)**
Only judgments and choices belong to the agent.
Function: Establishes moral possession.
42. External-Non-Ownership
PIE: √ne + √reg
Externals never belong to the moral agent.
Function: Removes possessiveness.
43. Internal-Stability
PIE: √steh₂ (stand firm)**
The unchanging nature of rational virtue.
Function: Basis of freedom.
44. External-Instability
PIE: √ter (pass through → transient)**
Externals are fleeting and unpredictable.
Function: Prevents false expectation.
45. Internal-Limit
PIE: √lei (set bounds)**
The limit of one’s power to the activity of the mind.
Function: Prevents overreach.
46. External-Limit
PIE: √lei
The natural constraints imposed by the world outside.
Function: Sets realistic expectations.
47. Internal-Responsibility
PIE: √spond (pledge)**
Judgments and choices are morally accountable.
Function: Eliminates excuse and blame.
48. External-Non-Responsibility
PIE: √ne + √spond
No moral responsibility attaches to external outcomes.
Function: Removes guilt for events.
49. Domain-Clarity
PIE: √kel (call, name)**
Recognizing precisely which domain something belongs to.
Function: Prevents mistaken value.
50. Domain-Alignment
PIE: √leg (gather, bring together)**
Aligning desire and aversion exclusively with internals.
Function: Execution of CE-1.
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TIER 3 — EXAMINATION OF IMPRESSIONS
Evaluating Appearances and Correcting Judgment (61–100)
This tier encodes the complete Epictetan method for testing impressions, exposing hidden value judgments, and aligning assent with reality.
It unfolds the logic of CE-1, CE-3, and CE-5.
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61. Appearance-Recognition
PIE: √sekw (to see, follow → appearance)
Seeing an impression as an appearance, not a fact.
Function: First defensive step in Stoic cognition.
62. Appearance-Separation
PIE: √sker (to cut apart)
Separating the appearance from the object it concerns.
Function: Prevents premature assent.
63. Neutral-Observation
PIE: √weid (to see)
Describing what appears without value-language.
Function: Strips the impression of emotion.
64. Content-Extraction
PIE: √deru (to pull, draw out)
Identifying the propositional content of an appearance.
Function: Allows clear judgment.
65. Proposition-Identification
PIE: √pro (forth) + √dek (to show)
Locating the core claim embedded in the appearance.
Function: Makes assent analyzable.
66. Value-Detection
PIE: √wal (to be strong → worth)**
Identifying any implicit value-judgment smuggled into the impression.
Function: Root of emotional regulation.
67. Implicit-Assumption-Recognition
PIE: √ad (to) + √sumbh (to go with)
Detecting what the impression presupposes without showing.
Function: Stops false assent.
68. Internal–External-Test
PIE: √dek (to take apart)**
Checking whether the impression concerns an internal or external.
Function: Core examination criterion.
69. Reality-Check
PIE: √re (to fix, make firm)
Testing whether the impression matches the external fact.
Function: Prevents false belief.
70. Description-vs-Judgment-Division
PIE: √per (to divide)
Separating what is observed from what is believed about it.
Function: Prevents emotional coloring.
71. Rational-Pause
PIE: √peuə (to consider carefully)
Stopping the automatic progression from appearance to assent.
Function: Creates space for judgment.
72. Cognitive-Suspension
PIE: √seup (to hold back)
Withholding assent when evidence is incomplete.
Function: Protects from error.
73. Evidence-Review
PIE: √weid (see, know)
Examining what is actually presented.
Function: Aligns reason with reality.
74. Distortion-Recognition
PIE: √ter (to twist)
Identifying exaggeration, projection, or emotional coloring.
Function: Clears the impression.
75. Counter-Image-Check
PIE: √im (copy, likeness)
Testing the appearance against alternate possible interpretations.
Function: Weakens certainty of false impressions.
76. Emotional-Layer-Removal
PIE: √leg (to strip off)
Removing the affective component from the appearance.
Function: Returns impression to neutrality.
77. Truth-Comparison
PIE: √dru (firm, true)
Comparing the proposition with one’s knowledge of reality.
Function: Final stage before assent.
78. Assent-Delay
PIE: √lag (to stay, to remain)**
Postponing assent until judgment is clear.
Function: Core defensive discipline.
79. Error-Filter
PIE: √er (to wander, stray)**
A mental mechanism for excluding misleading impressions.
Function: Maintains internal order.
80. Rational-Refinement
PIE: √reg (to rule, straighten)**
Adjusting the initial impression to align with truth.
Function: Purifies judgment.
81. Proposition-Clarification
PIE: √kel (to call, name)**
Stating clearly what the impression claims.
Function: Makes reasoning explicit.
82. Position-Testing
PIE: √tend (stretch → evaluate)**
Examining where the impression would lead if assented to.
Function: Determines moral fitness.
83. Consequence-Seeing
PIE: √sekw (to follow)**
Projecting the rational consequences of assent.
Function: Prevents self-contradiction.
84. Disconfirmation-Search
PIE: √sker (cut → test boundaries)
Looking for evidence that the impression is false.
Function: Reduces bias.
85. Counterexample-Check
PIE: √gʷer (heavy burden → scrutiny)**
Using known truths to test the impression.
Function: Logical reinforcement.
86. Assent-Readiness
PIE: √red (to prepare)
Preparing the mind to assent only when criteria are met.
Function: Ensures moral accuracy.
87. Assent-Withholding
PIE: √wel (to will → to restrain)**
Choosing not to assent even if tempted.
Function: Moral discipline.
88. Affirmation-Test
PIE: √dheh₁ (to set, fix)
Confirming the impression’s truth before accepting it.
Function: Builds reliability.
89. Denial-Test
PIE: √ne (not) + √dheh₁
Confirming falsity before rejecting.
Function: Precision in judgment.
90. Rational-Conclusion
PIE: √leudh (to grow → to complete reasoning)**
Final judgment formed after full examination.
Function: Ends the impression cycle.
91. Correct-Assent
PIE: √sent (to judge, feel)**
Assent aligned with truth and internals.
Function: Produces virtue.
92. Incorrect-Assent
PIE: √sent + √ne (negation)**
Assent given to a false or external-based proposition.
Function: Produces vice.
93. Assent-Habit
PIE: √ghabh (to give, hold)
The cultivated tendency to examine before assenting.
Function: Turns discipline into second nature.
94. Impression-Mastery
PIE: √mei (to measure, control internally)**
Complete competence in handling appearances.
Function: The practical goal of training.
95. Cognitive-Guard
PIE: √wert (to guard)
The protective stance against misleading impressions.
Function: Prevents pathē.
96. Reality-Alignment
PIE: √re (firm) + √leg (gather)**
Aligning assent with truth and internals.
Function: Ensures moral correctness.
97. Inner-Clarity
PIE: √kleu (to hear clearly → clarity)**
Transparency of one’s own mental state.
Function: Foundation of rational agency.
98. Mental-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one, unified)**
Keeping impressions and judgments unlayered and clean.
Function: Eliminates confusion.
99. Cognitive-Purity
PIE: √peu (to clean, purify)**
Judgment free of external contamination.
Function: Precondition for virtue.
100. Impression-Completion
PIE: √pele (to fill, finish)**
Closing the cycle of examining, judging, and acting.
Function: Ends each impression with rational finality.
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TIER 4 — IMPULSE AND ACTION
From Assent to Action: The Architecture of Rational Conduct (101–150)
Tier 4 encodes the entire Stoic logic of how assent produces impulse, and how impulse becomes action.
It covers CE-1, CE-4, and the LSSE principle that every action = assent + impulse.
101. Impulse-Genesis
PIE: √gen (to produce, give birth)
The arising of impulse directly from assent.
Function: Establishes the causal chain of action.
102. Impulse-Alignment
PIE: √leg (to gather, bring into order)
Bringing impulse into agreement with reason.
Function: Ensures moral direction.
103. Impulse-Governance
PIE: √reg (to rule, guide)
Reason’s guidance over emerging impulses.
Function: Prevents irrational behavior.
104. Impulse-Restraint
PIE: √ster (to stiffen, hold back)
Holding an impulse in check when inappropriate.
Function: Essential for self-command.
105. Impulse-Selection
PIE: √sel (to choose out)
Choosing which impulses to act upon.
Function: Filters moral from non-moral movements.
106. Impulse-Redirection
PIE: √der (to turn)
Redirecting a misguided impulse to a rational aim.
Function: Salvages mistaken impressions.
107. Impulse-Moderation
PIE: √medh (to measure)
Keeping impulses within rational limits.
Function: Prevents excess.
108. Impulse-Intensity-Control
PIE: √ten (to stretch, extend)
Regulating the strength of one’s impulse.
Function: Maintains internal order.
109. Impulse-Simplification
PIE: √sem (one, unified)
Removing unnecessary layers from impulse formation.
Function: Increases clarity.
110. Impulse-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to cross, pass through → clarity)
Seeing exactly why an impulse arose.
Function: Strengthens examination.
111. Impulse-Purification
PIE: √peu (to clean, purify)
Removing external valuation from the impulse.
Function: Keeps action aligned with internals.
112. Action-Preparation
PIE: √per (to bring through)
Readying one’s body and mind for execution of chosen action.
Function: Forms the bridge between will and execution.
113. Action-Initiation
PIE: √ag (to do)
Beginning the outward expression of internal assent + impulse.
Function: First externalization of choice.
114. Action-Continuation
PIE: √ten (to stretch forward)
Maintaining action once begun.
Function: Prevents wavering.
115. Action-Completion
PIE: √pele (to fill, finish)
Bringing an action to its intended internal conclusion.
Function: Ensures consistency with choice.
116. Action-Consistency
PIE: √stah₂ (to stand firm)
Keeping actions in harmony with judgment and reason.
Function: Marks progress.
117. Action-Integrity
PIE: √tag (to touch → integrated)
Maintaining inner moral coherence during action.
Function: Virtue expressed outwardly.
118. Rational-Action
PIE: √reg (to rule)
Action that expresses right assent and correct impulse.
Function: Sole form of good action.
119. Irrational-Action
PIE: √reg + negation
Action arising from false assent or external valuation.
Function: Expression of vice.
120. Voluntary-Action
PIE: √wel (to will)
Action performed from one’s own prohairesis.
Function: Cornerstone of responsibility.
121. Involuntary-Action
PIE: √ne + √wel
Action occurring without assent.
Function: Morally neutral.
122. Pre-Impulse-Recognition
PIE: √reg (see → discern)
Noticing impulses at the earliest stage.
Function: Key to preventing passion.
123. Impulse-Deconstruction
PIE: √sker (cut apart)
Breaking an impulse into its judgmental components.
Function: Reveals hidden valuation.
124. Action-Object-Clarity
PIE: √kel (to call out clearly)
Identifying precisely what the action concerns.
Function: Prevents confusion.
125. Action-Relevance
PIE: √wel (to will)
Determining whether an action pertains to internals or externals.
Function: Aids correct aim.
126. Action-Justification
PIE: √yeu (to judge)
Providing rational grounds for a chosen action.
Function: Maintains coherence.
127. Action-Minimization
PIE: √mei (small, minimal)
Reducing unnecessary movements.
Function: Keeps life ordered.
128. Internal-Aim
PIE: √agʷh (to drive toward)**
The inner purpose that defines moral action.
Function: Determines moral worth.
129. External-Aim
PIE: √agʷh + externalization
The outward target or objective of an action.
Function: Never morally determinative.
130. Internal-Motivation
PIE: √meu (to push within)
Reason-based cause of action.
Function: Guarantees virtue.
131. External-Motivation
PIE: √meu + outward shift
Motive grounded in externals (approval, gain, fear).
Function: Marks vice.
132. Action-Obstacle-Recognition
PIE: √ob (against) + √stah₂ (to stand)**
Seeing external hindrances as purely external.
Function: Echo of CE-4.
133. Action-Adjustment
PIE: √ad (to) + √reg (to rule)
Adapting action when externals shift.
Function: Maintains inner freedom.
134. Rational-Execution
PIE: √sek (to follow through)**
Carrying out the action in harmony with reason.
Function: Makes action virtuous.
135. Action-Review
PIE: √weid (see, know)**
Examining what was done after completion.
Function: Strengthens learning.
136. Action-Error-Recognition
PIE: √er (to wander)**
Identifying where an action diverged from reason.
Function: Supports correction.
137. Internal-Cause
PIE: √kau (cause)
The psychological reason within prohairesis that originates action.
Function: Establishes moral agency.
138. External-Cause
PIE: √kau (cause)
Physical or circumstantial factors that alter outcomes.
Function: Morally irrelevant.
139. Intention-Clarity
PIE: √kel (to call clearly)**
Seeing precisely the internal purpose behind an action.
Function: Anchors moral consistency.
140. Action-Scope
PIE: √skop (to look at, aim)**
Understanding the full range of what an action concerns.
Function: Prevents overextension.
141. Action-Constraint
PIE: √streg (tighten)**
Recognizing what cannot be done due to externals.
Function: Aligns expectations.
142. Action-Fidelity
PIE: √bheidh (to trust, bind)**
Staying loyal to one’s chosen internal aim.
Function: Maintains unity of character.
143. Action-Indifference
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Treating outcomes as indifferent, focusing only on internal correctness.
Function: Pure expression of CE-1.
144. Rational-Posture
PIE: √stā (to stand)**
The stable inner state during action.
Function: Prevents emotional disruption.
145. Internal-Orientation
PIE: √wer (to turn)
Keeping one’s aim fixed on the internal good.
Function: Ensures correct valuation.
146. External-Orientation
PIE: √wer + outward modulation
Orientation toward externals as ends.
Function: Marks moral error.
147. Action-Purity
PIE: √peu (to purify)**
Action unmixed with external valuation.
Function: Necessary condition for virtue.
148. Internal-Completion
PIE: √pele (to finish)**
Finishing an action in a way consistent with internal purpose.
Function: Completes the moral cycle.
149. External-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)
What happens to the action in the external world.
Function: Not morally determinative.
150. Action-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
The harmony of judgment, impulse, and execution.Function: The Stoic ideal of coherent agency.
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TIER 5 — DESIRE AND AVERSION
Regulating Aims, Avoidances, and the Moral Use of Motivation (151–200)
Tier 5 encodes the Stoic architecture of desire (orexis) and aversion (ekklisis) as taught in CE-2 and LSSE.
It establishes the internal-only direction of motivation and the complete elimination of desire for externals.
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151. Desire-Recognition
PIE: √des (to long for)
Seeing desire as a forward movement of the will toward an apparent good.
Function: Makes desire analyzable.
152. Aversion-Recognition
PIE: √wer (to guard, turn away)
Seeing aversion as movement away from an apparent evil.
Function: Makes avoidance analyzable.
153. Desire-Purification
PIE: √peu (to purify)
Removing external valuation from desires.
Function: Stops fortune-based unhappiness.
154. Aversion-Purification
PIE: √peu
Removing external fears from aversion.
Function: Eliminates fear of death, illness, poverty.
155. Desire-Restriction
PIE: √ster (to stiffen, hold back)
Restricting desire to internal goods only.
Function: Core instruction of CE-2.
156. Aversion-Restriction
PIE: √ster
Restricting aversion to internal evils (false judgments).
Function: Eliminates fear of externals.
157. Desire-Suspension
PIE: √seup (to hold back)
Temporarily halting desire for evaluation.
Function: Prevents rash pursuit.
158. Aversion-Suspension
PIE: √seup
Temporarily halting avoidance for evaluation.
Function: Prevents irrational retreat.
159. Desire-Elimination
PIE: √leudh (to cut out)
Removing desire for externals entirely.
Function: Direct command of CE-2.
160. Aversion-Transfer
PIE: √bher (to carry, move)
Porting aversion away from externals and toward internal evils.
Function: CE-2’s central correction.
161. Internal-Desire
PIE: √des
Desire for virtue and correct judgment.
Function: The only legitimate desire.
162. Internal-Aversion
PIE: √wer
Aversion to vice, false belief, and wrong impulse.
Function: The only legitimate aversion.
163. External-Desire
PIE: √des
Desire directed toward externals such as wealth, health, or reputation.
Function: Always produces misfortune.
164. External-Aversion
PIE: √wer
Aversion toward externals such as death or pain.
Function: Always produces unhappiness.
165. Desired-Outcome-Recognition
PIE: √ueid (to see)
Seeing clearly what outcome is secretly desired.
Function: Reveals hidden externals.
166. Feared-Outcome-Recognition
PIE: √ueid
Seeing clearly what external outcome is feared.
Function: Reveals hidden attachments.
167. Internal-Aim-Clarity
PIE: √kel (to call clearly)
Knowing exactly which internal good you seek.
Function: grounds internal desire.
168. Internal-Avoidance-Clarity
PIE: √kel
Knowing exactly which internal evil you avoid.
Function: grounds internal aversion.
169. Desire-Path
PIE: √pent (to seek)
The trajectory of desire once it begins.
Function: Shows where desire will lead.
170. Aversion-Path
PIE: √pent
The trajectory of avoidance once it begins.
Function: Shows where fear will lead.
171. Desire-Error-Recognition
PIE: √er (to wander)
Recognizing when desire has attached to externals.
Function: Halts moral corruption.
172. Aversion-Error-Recognition
PIE: √er
Recognizing when avoidance has attached to externals.
Function: Halts irrational fear.
173. Desire-Correction
PIE: √reg (straighten)
Redirecting desire back to internals.
Function: Restores moral orientation.
174. Aversion-Correction
PIE: √reg
Redirecting aversion back to internal evils.
Function: Strengthens discipline.
175. Desire-Redirection
PIE: √der (turn)
Turning desire away from externals entirely.
Function: Core of CE-2 practice.
176. Aversion-Redirection
PIE: √der
Turning fear away from externals entirely.
Function: Core of CE-2 practice.
177. Desire-Detachment
PIE: √tag (touch → remove touch)**
Ceasing emotional attachment to the desired object.
Function: Creates liberation.
178. Aversion-Detachment
PIE: √tag
Ceasing emotional aversion toward external objects or events.
Function: Destroys fear.
179. Desire-Neutrality
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Holding no preference for external outcomes.
Function: Achieves freedom.
180. Aversion-Neutrality
PIE: √neut
Holding no aversion toward external outcomes.
Function: Ends suffering.
181. Temptation-Recognition
PIE: √ten (stretch toward)
Seeing when desire begins to form toward an external.
Function: Early-stage correction.
182. Dread-Recognition
PIE: √dreu (to shudder)
Seeing when aversion begins to form toward an external.
Function: Early-stage correction.
183. Desire-Root-Analysis
PIE: √rad (root)
Examining the cause beneath a desire.
Function: Reveals valuation.
184. Aversion-Root-Analysis
PIE: √rad
Examining the cause beneath an aversion.
Function: Reveals misjudgment.
185. Desire-Intensity-Reduction
PIE: √ten (to stretch → reduce)
Weakening the emotional force of desire.
Function: Prevents compulsion.
186. Aversion-Intensity-Reduction
PIE: √ten
Weakening the emotional force of fear.
Function: Prevents panic.
187. Desire-Monitoring
PIE: √mon (to warn, watch)
Continuous attention to the growth of desire.
Function: Prevents relapse.
188. Aversion-Monitoring
PIE: √mon
Continuous attention to the growth of fear.
Function: Prevents relapse.
189. Desire-Calibration
PIE: √kal (to call → measure)
Adjusting desire to align with reason.
Function: Maintains inner order.
190. Aversion-Calibration
PIE: √kal
Adjusting aversion to align with reason.
Function: Maintains inner order.
191. Desire-Equilibrium
PIE: √akʷ (even, level)
A balanced state free from external craving.
Function: Enables freedom.
192. Aversion-Equilibrium
PIE: √akʷ
A balanced state free from external fear.
Function: Enables fearlessness.
193. Desire-Integrity
PIE: √tag (touch → integrate)
Desire unified with moral purpose.
Function: Deepens virtue.
194. Aversion-Integrity
PIE: √tag
Aversion unified with moral purpose.
Function: Deepens virtue.
195. Desire-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)
The internal completion of a rightly-directed desire.
Function: Pure motivation.
196. Aversion-Completion
PIE: √pele
The internal completion of a rightly-directed aversion.
Function: Pure avoidance.
197. Desire-Mastery
PIE: √mei (to measure → to master)
Complete control of desire by reason.
Function: Marks mature training.
198. Aversion-Mastery
PIE: √mei
Complete control of aversion by reason.
Function: Marks mature training.
199. Internal-Motive-Purification
PIE: √peu (clean)
Purifying all motives so none rely on externals.
Function: Final refinement.
200. Internal-Motive-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)
The alignment of all motives with internal goods.
Function: Creates harmonious agency.
---
TIER 6 — EMOTION, PASSION, AND FREEDOM FROM PATHĒ
Correcting the Emotional Consequences of False Assent (201–250)
Tier 6 formalizes the full Stoic emotional taxonomy according to Sterling-mode:
Pathē = false judgments about externals
Eupatheiai = true judgments about internals
Propathēiai = non-cognitive bodily reactions
It encodes the logic of CE-5, the LSSE, and pure internalism.
---
201. Emotion-Recognition
PIE: √em (to move)**
Seeing emotion as movement caused by assent.
Function: Makes emotion morally analyzable.
202. Pathos-Recognition
PIE: √path (to suffer, undergo)**
Identifying full emotions as false judgments about externals.
Function: Central to Stoic psychology.
203. Eupatheia-Recognition
PIE: √eu (good) + √path (feeling)**
Identifying good feelings arising from true judgments.
Function: Distinguishes rational joy.
204. Propathos-Recognition
PIE: √pro (before) + √path**
Identifying non-cognitive bodily reactions.
Function: Eliminates guilt for reactions.
205. Emotional-Trigger-Recognition
PIE: √tregh (to run, excite)**
Seeing what impression initiated the emotional movement.
Function: Reveals internal cause.
206. Emotional-Cause-Recognition
PIE: √kau (to cause)**
Tracing emotion back to a false judgment.
Function: Stops blaming externals.
207. Emotional-Content-Extraction
PIE: √deru (to pull out)**
Identifying what proposition the emotion asserts.
Function: Enables correction.
208. Emotional-Distortion-Recognition
PIE: √ter (to twist)**
Seeing the exaggeration built into emotion.
Function: Weakens emotional force.
209. Emotional-Detachment
PIE: √tag (touch → remove touch)**
Separating oneself from the emotional movement.
Function: Begins correction.
210. Emotion-Neutralization
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Reducing emotional charge to zero.
Function: Returns mind to neutrality.
211. Emotional-Purification
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Removing false valuation from emotion.
Function: Corrects judgment.
212. Emotional-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to cross → clarity)**
Seeing emotional movement clearly.
Function: Supports rational self-awareness.
213. Emotional-Reframing
PIE: √reg (to straighten)**
Reinterpreting the impression with correct judgment.
Function: Resets emotional response.
214. Emotional-Reduction
PIE: √ten (stretch → reduce)**
Weakening the intensity of emotional movement.
Function: Softens passion.
215. Emotional-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Allowing emotion to run its course without assent.
Function: Propathēiai extinction.
216. Fear-Recognition
PIE: √pergh (to tremble)**
Seeing fear as false belief about future external harm.
Function: Identifies its cognitive origin.
217. Fear-Correction
PIE: √reg (to straighten)**
Re-aligning belief with internal–external division.
Function: Removes basis of fear.
218. Fear-Elimination
PIE: √leudh (cut away)**
Abolishing fear of external loss or pain.
Function: Enables courage.
219. Anxiety-Recognition
PIE: √angh (to constrict)**
Seeing anxiety as tension over uncertain externals.
Function: Reveals false valuation.
220. Anxiety-Correction
PIE: √reg
Correcting the impression generating anxiety.
Function: Restores calm.
221. Distress-Recognition
PIE: √dher (to hold firmly → to trouble)**
Seeing distress as suffering over externals.
Function: Identifies false judgment.
222. Distress-Correction
PIE: √reg
Reframing distress by examining its impression.
Function: Eliminates pain.
223. Anger-Recognition
PIE: √angh (tighten, choke)**
Seeing anger as judgment that one has been wronged.
Function: Exposes illusion of harm.
224. Anger-Correction
PIE: √reg**
Correcting belief about harm, blame, or insult.
Function: Extinguishes anger.
225. Anger-Elimination
PIE: √leudh
Abolishing the possibility of anger by abandoning external value.
Function: Achieves apatheia.
226. Grief-Recognition
PIE: √ghrei (to rub, wear down)**
Seeing grief as judgment about external loss.
Function: Identifies its cognitive source.
227. Grief-Correction
PIE: √reg
Correcting the false belief that external loss is evil.
Function: Ends grief.
228. Grief-Elimination
PIE: √leudh
Abolishing grief by removing valuation from externals.
Function: Achieves serenity.
229. Shame-Recognition
PIE: √skem (to cover)**
Seeing shame as belief that reputation is morally significant.
Function: Exposes external dependence.
230. Shame-Correction
PIE: √reg
Correcting belief about externals and others’ opinions.
Function: Removes shame.
231. Shame-Elimination
PIE: √leudh
Eliminating shame through complete internal valuation.
Function: Reinforces sovereignty.
232. Desire-Emotion-Recognition
PIE: √des (to long for)**
Seeing emotional desire as false elevation of externals.
Function: Prevents passion-cycle.
233. Fear-Emotion-Recognition
PIE: √pergh (to tremble)**
Seeing fear as predicated on external evaluation.
Function: Preempts harmful impulse.
234. Emotional-Retention-Test
PIE: √ten (stretch → persist)**
Testing whether emotional movement remains after correction.
Function: Measures progress.
235. Emotional-Dissolution
PIE: √leudh (to cut away)**
Full fading of pathos once judgment is corrected.
Function: State of calm.
236. Emotional-Equanimity
PIE: √akʷ (even, level)**
Stable emotional neutrality, regardless of external events.
Function: Core Stoic disposition.
237. Good-Feeling-Recognition
PIE: √eu (good)**
Identifying rational joy, rational caution, and rational wish as eupatheiai.
Function: Encourages positive rational states.
238. Rational-Joy
PIE: √yeu (to join well)**
Good feeling from correct assent concerning internal good.
Function: Emotional expression of virtue.
239. Rational-Caution
PIE: √sku (to look carefully)**
Caution directed only toward internal evils.
Function: Prevents moral danger.
240. Rational-Wish
PIE: √wel (to will)**
The good feeling connected to desire for virtue.
Function: Motivational component of goodness.
241. Emotional-Governance
PIE: √reg (to rule)**
Reason’s governance over emotional movements.
Function: Protects internal order.
242. Emotional-Indifference
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Not being emotionally moved by externals.
Function: Marks full internal orientation.
243. Emotional-Posture
PIE: √stā (to stand)**
The stable inner stance during emotional events.
Function: Keeps ruling faculty steady.
244. Emotional-Freedom
PIE: √prī (free)**
Being unaffected by emotional movements tied to externals.
Function: Stoic freedom.
245. Emotional-Integrity
PIE: √tag (to touch → integrate)**
Emotional life integrated with reason.
Function: Eliminates contradiction.
246. Emotional-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one)**
A stripped-down emotional life free from complication.
Function: Creates clarity.
247. Emotional-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
All emotional movements aligned with virtue.
Function: Sign of progress.
248. Emotional-Mastery
PIE: √mei (measure → master)**
Complete control of emotion through correct judgment.
Function: Marks the sage-like state.
249. Emotional-Purity
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Emotions containing no external valuation.
Function: Highest state of internal order.
250. Passion-Freedom
PIE: √prī (free)**
Total absence of pathē.
Function: Apatheia, the perfected state.
---
TIER 7 — HABIT, CHARACTER, AND THE FORMATION OF PROHAIRESIS
How Repeated Judgments Shape the Ruling Faculty (251–300)
Tier 7 encodes the architecture of character-formation in Epictetan ethics:
how repeated assents become habits, how habits consolidate into stable character, and how character becomes the state of prohairesis.
This tier integrates LSSE propositions on moral development, CE-1 (domain clarity), CE-5 (self-blame), and Sterling’s internalist causation.
---
251. Habit-Recognition
PIE: √ghabh (to hold, have)**
Seeing a recurring pattern of judgment or action as a habit.
Function: Makes character-tracking possible.
252. Habit-Formation
PIE: √bher (to carry, bring about)**
The process by which repeated assents consolidate into tendencies.
Function: Establishes psychological continuity.
253. Habit-Interruption
PIE: √ter (to cut across)**
Cutting into an existing habit to alter it.
Function: Enables reform of vice.
254. Habit-Replacement
PIE: √pleh₁ (to fill → replace)**
Replacing a vicious habit with a rational one.
Function: Core mechanism of progress.
255. Habit-Stabilization
PIE: √stah₂ (to stand firm)**
Turning a newly formed rational habit into something stable.
Function: Foundation of consistent conduct.
256. Habit-Inspection
PIE: √spek (to look attentively)**
Examining one’s habits regularly and consciously.
Function: Prevents unconscious vice.
257. Habit-Adjustment
PIE: √ad (to) + √reg (to straighten)**
Fine-tuning habits to align with internals.
Function: Continuous moral refinement.
258. Habit-Alignment
PIE: √leg (gather, bring together)**
Aligning habits with internal goods and true judgments.
Function: Strengthens character coherence.
259. Habit-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Completing the reform of a habit until it is internally natural.
Function: Achieves stable virtue-patterns.
260. Character-Recognition
PIE: √kerd (heart → disposition)**
Recognizing the stable moral state created by one’s habits.
Function: Makes prohairesis self-transparent.
261. Character-Formation
PIE: √dher (to hold firmly)**
The consolidation of habits into enduring moral traits.
Function: Determines long-term behavior.
262. Character-Stability
PIE: √stah₂ (stand firm)**
A consistent state of prohairesis unaffected by externals.
Function: Marks progress toward wisdom.
263. Character-Refinement
PIE: √fin (to make fine, polish)**
Polishing one’s moral character through examination.
Function: Moves one toward the sage-state.
264. Character-Purification
PIE: √peu (to clean)**
Removing false judgments embedded in character.
Function: Repairs deep moral errors.
265. Character-Alignment
PIE: √leg (to bring together)**
Aligning character with reason and internal goods.
Function: Ensures moral consistency.
266. Character-Reorientation
PIE: √wer (to turn)**
Turning character from externals toward internals.
Function: Essential pivot of Epictetan training.
267. Character-Simplification
PIE: √sem (one)**
Removing inner contradictions.
Function: Produces unified moral identity.
268. Character-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to pass through → clarity)**
Seeing one's own character clearly and honestly.
Function: Crucial for progress.
269. Character-Integration
PIE: √tag (touch, join)**
Integrating all judgments and habits into a coherent whole.
Function: Prevents moral fragmentation.
270. Character-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
Having one stable, rational structure of choice.
Function: Ideal of prohairesis.
271. Moral-Identity-Recognition
PIE: √eyd (to appear, to be seen as)**
Recognizing the self as defined by internal judgments.
Function: Replaces external identity.
272. Moral-Identity-Formation
PIE: √dher (to hold)**
Building a moral identity through consistent correct assents.
Function: Makes one’s self steady.
273. Moral-Identity-Stability
PIE: √stah₂
A self-image grounded only in internals.
Function: Removes social vulnerability.
274. Moral-Purpose-Stability
PIE: √stah₂
Fixing moral aim as the center of one’s life.
Function: Anchors conduct.
275. Moral-Flexibility
PIE: √bhel (to blow, change)**
Adjusting one’s character expression while keeping internal principles fixed.
Function: Allows rational adaptation.
276. Moral-Firmness
PIE: √stah₂
Standing firm in judgment despite external pressure.
Function: Marks a strong prohairesis.
277. Character-Protection
PIE: √perk (to protect)**
Protecting one’s moral faculty from external contamination.
Function: Prevents corruption.
278. Character-Boundary
PIE: √bhergh
Knowing precisely what belongs to your character and what doesn’t.
Function: Maintains sovereignty.
279. Character-Regency
PIE: √reg (to rule)**
Character as the ruling authority over impulse and judgment.
Function: Structure of moral personality.
280. Character-Reconstruction
PIE: √skor (to scrape, rebuild)**
Rebuilding character after recognizing deep errors.
Function: Advanced stage of progress.
281. Moral-Preparation
PIE: √per (to bring through)**
Preparing one’s character to meet future impressions rationally.
Function: Anticipatory resilience.
282. Moral-Readiness
PIE: √red (to prepare)**
State of being instantly ready for correct assent.
Function: Key sign of training.
283. Moral-Vigilance
PIE: √weg (to watch)**
Constant watchfulness over judgment and choice.
Function: Prevents moral slippage.
284. Moral-Ordering
PIE: √ar (to fit, arrange)**
Arranging priorities according to internal goods alone.
Function: Whole-life orientation.
285. Moral-Focus
PIE: √bhā (to shine → illuminate)**
Concentrating attention on moral purpose.
Function: Eliminates distraction.
286. Moral-Discipline
PIE: √deik (to show → instruct)**
Training the ruling faculty through repeated correction.
Function: Essential to virtue.
287. Moral-Constancy
PIE: √stah₂
Steadiness of will that does not falter.
Function: Condition of strength.
288. Moral-Memory
PIE: √men (to think, remember)**
Retaining principles and applying them automatically.
Function: Allows rapid right action.
289. Moral-Resolve
PIE: √sel (to choose firmly)**
A fixed internal decision to live by reason.
Function: Strengthens freedom.
290. Moral-Endurance
PIE: √der (to hold, keep)**
Enduring difficulties without compromising judgment.
Function: Courage in Stoic form.
291. Moral-Cohesion
PIE: √tag (touch → bind)**
The mutual reinforcement of virtues within character.
Function: Makes character whole.
292. Moral-Persistence
PIE: √ten (to stretch, persist)**
Continuing moral reform despite obstacles.
Function: Required for long-term progress.
293. Character-Persistence
PIE: √ten
Maintaining character through repeated trials.
Function: Prevents regression.
294. Character-Advancement
PIE: √wedh (to go forward)**
Growth of prohairesis toward greater consistency.
Function: Measures development.
295. Character-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
The final shaping of consistent moral character.
Function: Stage before wisdom.
296. Radical-Reorientation
PIE: √wer (turn)**
A total shift of character from external to internal valuation.
Function: Moment of transformation.
297. Character-Sovereignty
PIE: √swe (self) + √reg (rule)**
Absolute self-rule of the moral faculty.
Function: Final autonomy stage.
298. Character-Security
PIE: √segh (hold, guard)**
Unshakeable protection of one’s internal commitments.
Function: Marks advanced stability.
299. Character-Purity
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Character containing no external valuation at all.
Function: Near-sage condition.
300. Prohairesis-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
The ruling faculty fully formed, unified, and aligned with reason.
Function: The perfected inner state.
---
TIER 8 — ACTION, IMPULSE, AND MORAL EXECUTION
How Assent Generates Action and How Action Is Governed by Internal Aims (301–350)
Tier 8 encodes the Epictetan doctrine that:
every action = assent + impulse
impulse originates internally
execution belongs to externals
virtue is the correctness of the internal component
outcomes are morally indifferent
This tier sits structurally between Tier 7 (character formation) and Tier 9 (discipline and practice).
---
301. Impulse-Recognition
PIE: √pelek (to drive, urge)
Seeing impulse as the internal forward movement arising from assent.
Function: Makes moral causation explicit.
302. Impulse-Formation
PIE: √bher (to carry forward)
The generation of impulse through internal judgment.
Function: Defines action’s origin.
303. Impulse-Direction
PIE: √der (to turn)
Turning impulse toward an intended internal aim.
Function: Prevents moral misfire.
304. Impulse-Purification
PIE: √peu (to clean)
Removing externals from the motivational structure.
Function: Eliminates mixed motives.
305. Impulse-Simplification
PIE: √sem (one)
Reducing impulse to a single internal purpose.
Function: Strengthens moral clarity.
306. Impulse-Alignment
PIE: √leg (to bring together)
Aligning impulse with reason and internal goals.
Function: Ensures coherent action.
307. Impulse-Calibration
PIE: √kal (to measure, call precisely)
Adjusting impulse intensity to rational measure.
Function: Prevents excess.
308. Impulse-Integrity
PIE: √tag (touch → integrate)
Impulse unified with correct judgment.
Function: Action wholly internal.
309. Impulse-Release
PIE: √leudh (to let go, release)
Allowing impulse to move into execution.
Function: Transition from internal to external.
310. Assent-Execution-Conversion
PIE: √sek (to follow through)
The turning of assent into an executable impulse.
Function: Defines the hinge between judgment and action.
311. Action-Recognition
PIE: √ag (to drive, do)
Seeing action as the external projection of internal impulse.
Function: Clarifies moral responsibility.
312. Action-Formation
PIE: √bher (to carry)
The moment an internal impulse becomes an outward act.
Function: Makes causation linear.
313. Action-Purification
PIE: √peu (clean)
Removing external aims from action.
Function: Makes action virtuous.
314. Action-Intention-Clarity
PIE: √kel (to call clearly)
Knowing the precise internal intention behind an action.
Function: Distinguishes moral aim from external outcome.
315. Action-Aim-Distinction
PIE: √deik (to show clearly)
Separating what you intend (internal) from what occurs (external).
Function: Eliminates confusion about success.
316. Action-Outcome-Distinction
PIE: √wid (to see)
Seeing outcomes as external events, not achievements.
Function: Maintains sovereignty.
317. Action-Limitation-Recognition
PIE: √leig (to tie, bind, limit)**
Seeing the limits of one’s power in execution.
Function: Prevents frustration.
318. Action-Boundary
PIE: √bhergh (border)**
Knowing where internal causation stops and externals begin.
Function: Critical for freedom.
319. Action-Reorientation
PIE: √wer (to turn)**
Turning misguided action back to internal aims.
Function: Halts moral error.
320. Action-Suspension
PIE: √seup (hold back)**
Stopping an action to reassess internal correctness.
Function: Prevents acting on false impressions.
321. Action-Consistency
PIE: √stah₂ (stand firm)**
Actions reliably expressing one’s character.
Function: Marks progress.
322. Action-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to pass through)**
Action whose motive is clear to oneself.
Function: Prevents self-deception.
323. Action-Predictability
PIE: √reg (straight, regular)**
Actions that follow rational patterning.
Function: Indicator of stable prohairesis.
324. Action-Economy
PIE: √aig (to drive efficiently)**
Doing no more or less than reason requires.
Function: Eliminates waste.
325. Action-Directionality
PIE: √der (turn)**
Every action oriented toward a moral purpose.
Function: Avoids drift.
326. Action-Persistence
PIE: √ten (stretch, persist)**
Continuing right action despite externals.
Function: Courage in execution.
327. Action-Firmness
PIE: √stah₂
Action not diverted by praise or blame.
Function: Internal stability.
328. Action-Flexibility
PIE: √bhel (to blow, change)**
Altering external execution without altering internal intention.
Function: Rational adaptability.
329. Action-Reevaluation
PIE: √weid (to see again)**
Reviewing actions after execution.
Function: Enhances learning.
330. Action-Rectification
PIE: √reg (straighten)**
Correcting faulty action by correcting faulty assent.
Function: Prevents repeated error.
331. Moral-Action-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
Action fully unified with the ruling faculty.
Function: No inner conflict.
332. Action-Sufficiency
PIE: √swe (self)**
Action that requires nothing external to be complete.
Function: Defines true moral success.
333. Action-Independence
PIE: √prī (free)**
Action not reliant on external cooperation.
Function: Removes vulnerability.
334. Action-Security
PIE: √segh (hold fast)**
Action protected from external disruption at the moral level.
Function: Grounds serenity.
335. Action-Integrity
PIE: √tag (touch → integrate)**
The entire action aligned with internal judgment.
Function: Eliminates mixed motives.
336. Action-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one)**
Action not split between conflicting aims.
Function: Pure moral expression.
337. Action-Readiness
PIE: √red (prepare)**
Being instantly able to act from correct judgment.
Function: Marks deep training.
338. Action-Vigilance
PIE: √weg (watch)**
Remaining alert to impressions during action.
Function: Prevents drift into passion.
339. Action-Guarding
PIE: √perk (to guard)**
Protecting one’s intention as action unfolds.
Function: Maintains purity.
340. Action-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Finishing the internal component of action entirely.
Function: Moral success regardless of result.
341. Action-Release
PIE: √leudh (let go)**
Releasing the external outcome after correct action.
Function: Freedom from attachment.
342. Action-Neutrality
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Holding neutral toward the external results.
Function: Anchors indifference.
343. Action-Clarity
PIE: √kel (call clearly)**
Knowing exactly what one has done internally.
Function: Prevents confusion between aim and outcome.
344. Action-Strengthening
PIE: √ster (to stiffen)**
Reinforcing the internal capacity to act correctly again.
Function: Builds character.
345. Action-Proofing
PIE: √bheudh (to be aware, make firm)**
Testing action for internal coherence.
Function: Moral quality control.
346. Action-Transmission
PIE: √bher (carry)**
How action expresses internal judgment to the world.
Function: External manifestation of prohairesis.
347. Action-Unification
PIE: √oino (one)**
All actions cohere into one moral life.
Function: Eliminates inconsistency.
348. Action-Transcendence
PIE: √sker (to cut → rise above)**
Rising above externals while acting.
Function: Full freedom in execution.
349. Action-Purity
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Action entirely unmixed with external aims.
Function: Sage-like action.
350. Impulse-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Impulse carried fully to correct internal fulfillment.
Function: Perfect moral action.
---
Tier 8 is complete.
Say Next and I will proceed to Tier 9.
TIER 9 — DISCIPLINE, TRAINING, AND DAILY PRACTICE
The Operational Framework of Stoic Exercise (351–400)
Tier 9 formalizes the practical dimension of your system:
daily training, examination of impressions, preparation, review, discipline, vigilance, and the lived execution of the Stoic life.
This tier encodes the operational mechanics of Epictetus’ discipline and Sterling’s internalist method without contamination from therapeutic or naturalistic practices.
---
351. Discipline-Recognition
PIE: √dek (to take, accept)**
Seeing discipline as the acceptance of rational constraints on the will.
Function: Establishes seriousness of practice.
352. Discipline-Formation
PIE: √dher (to hold firmly)**
Building stable, rational routines for moral use of impressions.
Function: Creates continuity of effort.
353. Discipline-Stability
PIE: √stah₂ (to stand firm)**
A consistent application of internal rules across days and contexts.
Function: Prevents fluctuation.
354. Discipline-Integration
PIE: √tag (touch → integrate)**
Making discipline part of character, not an external imposition.
Function: Internalizes practice.
355. Discipline-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one)**
Reducing training to clear, simple, consistent acts.
Function: Avoids clutter.
356. Discipline-Purification
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Removing external motives from practice.
Function: Keeps training inward.
357. Discipline-Correction
PIE: √reg (straighten)**
Fixing faults in one’s daily method.
Function: Ensures rational direction.
358. Discipline-Reorientation
PIE: √wer (turn)**
Turning practice back toward internals when it drifts.
Function: Maintains purity.
359. Training-Recognition
PIE: √tregh (to run, stretch)**
Seeing training as repeated contact with impressions.
Function: Clarifies purpose.
360. Training-Preparation
PIE: √per (to bring through)**
Preparing in advance to meet impressions correctly.
Function: Foundation of readiness.
361. Training-Engagement
PIE: √engh (to press in)*
(derived conceptual root; Indo-Europeanized for internal consistency)
Actively engaging with impressions rather than avoiding them.
Function: Builds strength.
362. Training-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Completing the internal task of training for the day.
Function: Closes practice loops.
363. Training-Repetition
PIE: √rep (to turn again)**
(standardized PIE-style form for recurrence)
Repeating exercises until stable.
Function: Creates habit.
364. Training-Focus
PIE: √bhā (shine, illuminate)**
Maintaining clarity during exercise.
Function: Prevents distraction.
365. Training-Endurance
PIE: √der (to hold through)**
Continuing practice despite resistance.
Function: Builds resilience.
366. Examination-Recognition
PIE: √spek (look attentively)**
Seeing examination as central to Stoic training.
Function: Grounds self-knowledge.
367. Examination-Entry
PIE: √en (in) + √tregh (run, enter)**
Entering the state of conscious examination.
Function: Signals readiness.
368. Examination-Depth
PIE: √dheub (deep)**
Taking examination beyond surface impulses.
Function: Reveals hidden judgments.
369. Examination-Clarity
PIE: √kel (call clearly)**
Making impressions explicit in thought.
Function: Enables correction.
370. Examination-Continuity
PIE: √ten (stretch, extend)**
Sustaining examination over time.
Function: Builds stable prohairesis.
371. Morning-Preparation
PIE: √mor (daybreak)**
(morphologically adapted for Stoic-English)
Setting internal aims for the day before impressions arrive.
Function: Establishes posture.
372. Evening-Review
PIE: √weid (to see)**
Reviewing judgments and actions taken during the day.
Function: Integrates learning.
373. Event-Forecasting
PIE: √weid (to see) + √per (through)**
Anticipating likely impressions and externals.
Function: Key CE-4 discipline.
374. Obstacle-Preacceptance
PIE: √sekw (follow)
Accepting the inevitability of obstacles in advance.
Function: Prevents disturbance.
375. Hardship-Readiness
PIE: √ghers (grass, ground → base)**
(metaphorically extending PIE for foundational support)
Preparing oneself to meet difficulty without collapse.
Function: Creates structural endurance.
376. Error-Awareness
PIE: √er (to wander, err)**
Knowing one’s likelihood of mistaken assent.
Function: Creates humility and vigilance.
377. Error-Interruption
PIE: √ter (cut)**
Stopping error immediately at the point of recognition.
Function: Prevents full passion.
378. Error-Correction
PIE: √reg (straighten)**
Fixing mistaken judgments as soon as they occur.
Function: Realigns prohairesis.
379. Error-Integration
PIE: √tag (integrate)**
Turning errors into knowledge for future vigilance.
Function: Converts vice to progress.
380. Vigilance-Recognition
PIE: √weg (to watch)**
Seeing vigilance as a continuous mental posture.
Function: Protects moral faculty.
381. Vigilance-Formation
PIE: √weg
Building the habit of active mental watchfulness.
Function: Prevents surprise by impressions.
382. Vigilance-Intensity
PIE: √ten (stretch)**
Increasing the sharpness of watchfulness.
Function: Preempts error.
383. Vigilance-Consistency
PIE: √stah₂ (stand firm)**
Holding vigilance evenly throughout the day.
Function: Keeps judgments steady.
384. Readiness-Recognition
PIE: √red (prepare)**
Knowing when one is in a prepared state.
Function: Enables proper action.
385. Readiness-Activation
PIE: √ak (to drive, activate)**
Triggering readiness when impressions appear.
Function: Connects preparedness to real events.
386. Readiness-Stability
PIE: √stah₂
A stable, unshakable state of moral readiness.
Function: Marks deep training.
387. Readiness-Return
PIE: √wert (turn back)**
Returning to readiness after lapse.
Function: Keeps practice intact.
388. Discipline-Posture
PIE: √stā (to stand)**
The internal stance appropriate to rational discipline.
Function: Grounding position.
389. Discipline-Continuity
PIE: √ten
Maintaining discipline without gaps.
Function: Prevents regression.
390. Discipline-Renewal
PIE: √neu (to renew)**
Reinvigorating one’s training after fatigue or discouragement.
Function: Restores momentum.
391. Training-Boundary
PIE: √bhergh (edge, border)**
Knowing what belongs to training and what does not.
Function: Maintains purity.
392. Training-Integrity
PIE: √tag (integrate)**
Ensuring the training process remains internally coherent.
Function: Prevents contamination.
393. Training-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
Training unified with character and purpose.
Function: Eliminates fragmentation.
394. Training-Neutrality
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Keeping training unmoved by praise, failure, or outcomes.
Function: Purifies intent.
395. Practice-Security
PIE: √segh (hold, guard)**
Protecting the practice from external interference.
Function: Ensures continuity.
396. Practice-Stability
PIE: √stah₂
Practice that does not collapse under pressure.
Function: Reinforces character.
397. Practice-Vigor
PIE: √weg (to be strong)**
(metaphoric extension)
Practice done with energy and commitment.
Function: Strengthens will.
398. Daily-Mastery
PIE: √mei (measure → master)**
Mastery of daily practice routines.
Function: Precondition of sage-like progress.
399. Training-Purity
PIE: √peu (clean)**
Training uncontaminated by external motives.
Function: Final internal refinement.
400. Practice-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
Ending the day’s exercises with internal fulfillment.
Function: Closes the cycle of discipline.
---
TIER 10 — METAPHYSICS, REALITY, AND FINAL STRUCTURES
The Ontological Commitments Required for Internalism and the Final Architecture of the Stoic World (401–500)
Tier 10 expresses the metaphysical superstructure that makes your entire system coherent.
It formalizes:
- the internal–external ontology
- the structure of moral reality
- the nature of causation
- the metaphysics of prohairesis
- the reality of impressions
- the structure of external events
- the grounding of moral truth (moral realism)
- the metaphysics of freedom (libertarianism)
- the architecture of the self
- the formal boundary between agent and world
These terms represent the deepest tier of Stoic-English.
SECTION A — REALITY, WORLD-STRUCTURE, AND THE STATUS OF EVENTS
(401–430)
401. Reality-Recognition
PIE: √reh₁ (to speak truly)
Seeing reality as the totality of events independent of valuation.
Function: Basis of truth-orientation.
402. Reality-Distinction
PIE: √deik (to show clearly)**
Separating what exists from what is judged.
Function: Fundamental to internalism.
403. Reality-Neutrality
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Recognizing that events are neither good nor evil.
Function: Removes emotional distortion.
404. Event-Recognition
PIE: √wegh (to move, go)**
Understanding events as external occurrences in the world.
Function: Clarifies ontology of externals.
405. Event-Neutrality
PIE: √neut
Events have no moral quality in themselves.
Function: Aligns with CE-5.
406. Event-Limitation
PIE: √leig (bind, limit)**
Events belong entirely outside the agent’s internal domain.
Function: Enforces the internal–external division.
407. External-Occurrence
PIE: √krei (to happen)**
A happening that takes place outside the moral faculty.
Function: Grounds the ontology of externals.
408. External-Sequence
PIE: √sekw (to follow)**
The chain of external occurrences independent of intention.
Function: Helps anticipate without attachment.
409. External-Flow
PIE: √bhreu (to flow)**
Continuous movement of external events unfolding around the agent.
Function: The field into which impressions arrive.
410. External-Stability
PIE: √stā (to stand)**
External conditions persisting without reference to the agent.
Function: Clarifies that stability is not control.
411. External-Volatility
PIE: √wel (to roll, turn)**
The unpredictable and shifting nature of externals.
Function: Teaches non-reliance.
412. External-Complexity
PIE: √plek (to weave)**
The interwoven nature of external causation.
Function: Prevents simplistic interpretation.
413. External-Indifference
PIE: √neut (neither)**
Externals are metaphysically indifferent, not just morally indifferent.
Function: Ontological foundation of Stoic ethics.
414. External-Constraint
PIE: √ghendh (to seize, confine)**
External conditions constrain physical possibilities, not moral ones.
Function: Explains limits of action execution.
415. External-Necessity
PIE: √nek (death → necessity)**
Some external sequences follow necessity, not will.
Function: Clarifies what cannot be altered.
416. External-Contingency
PIE: √ghwei (to live, to befall)**
Some events occur by contingent causes, neither necessary nor chosen.
Function: Explains unpredictability.
417. Event-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to pass through)**
Seeing events clearly without projection.
Function: Eliminates misinterpretation.
418. Reality-Sufficiency
PIE: √swe (self)**
Reality is fully sufficient without needing assent to complete it.
Function: Separates truth from belief.
419. Ontic-Clarity
PIE: √kel (call clearly)**
Knowing the difference between being and seeming.
Function: Protects against impression-level confusion.
420. External-Objectivity
PIE: √obh (to face toward)**
Seeing externals as they are, independent of desire or aversion.
Function: Reinforces realism.
421. Event-Causation
PIE: √gen (to beget, cause)**
Understanding external events as produced by external causes.
Function: Distinguishes them from moral causes.
422. External-Causation-Limit
PIE: √leig (bind)**
External causes cannot reach the ruling faculty.
Function: Central metaphysical claim.
423. External-Finality
PIE: √dhewh (finish, end)**
External events reach completion independently of the agent.
Function: Emphasizes separation of domains.
424. World-Structure-Recognition
PIE: √strew (to spread, arrange)**
Seeing the external world as a structured field of events.
Function: Supports rational anticipation.
425. World-Complexity
PIE: √plek (weave)**
The world woven of innumerable interactive external sequences.
Function: Destroys simplistic optimism or pessimism.
426. World-Indifference
PIE: √neut
The world does not aim at the agent’s good or harm.
Function: Undercuts expectations.
427. World-Continuity
PIE: √ten (stretch, extend)**
The world unfolds continuously regardless of assent.
Function: Foundations for impression arrival.
428. World-Independence
PIE: √prī (free)**
The world is metaphysically independent of the self.
Function: Supports internal sovereignty.
429. Reality-Unification
PIE: √oino (one)**
Reality is one coherent field, though divided morally.
Function: Underlies rational comprehension.
430. Reality-Transparency
PIE: √ter
Reality can be seen clearly if impressions are corrected.
Function: Epistemic foundation of Stoic training.
(431–460)
431. Self-Recognition
PIE: √swe (self)**
Knowing the self as the ruling faculty, not the body or externals.
Function: Central metaphysical distinction.
432. Self-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one)**
The self is simple, not composed of external parts.
Function: Supports sovereignty.
433. Self-Integrity
PIE: √tag (integrate)**
Internal unity of the self across judgments and time.
Function: Grounds personal identity.
434. Self-Transparency
PIE: √ter (to pass through)**
The self can be fully visible to itself through examination.
Function: Makes self-governance possible.
435. Self-Sufficiency
PIE: √swe (self)**
The self requires nothing external to be complete.
Function: Foundation of happiness.
436. Self-Independence
PIE: √prī (free)**
The self is metaphysically independent of the world.
Function: Underwrites freedom.
437. Self-Constancy
PIE: √stah₂
A stable internal structure unaffected by external change.
Function: Creates moral resilience.
438. Self-Boundary
PIE: √bhergh (border)**
Clear division between self (internal) and not-self (external).
Function: Ontological foundation of CE-1.
439. Internal-Self-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
The unity of judgments, impulses, and purpose.
Function: Makes moral life coherent.
440. Internal-Agency
PIE: √ag (drive, act)**
The agency that originates action wholly from within.
Function: Core of libertarian freedom.
441. Internal-Causation
PIE: √gen (produce)**
The self causes its own judgments.
Function: Basis of moral responsibility.
442. Internal-Sovereignty
PIE: √reg (to rule)**
The ruling faculty governs itself absolutely.
Function: Explains invulnerability.
443. Internal-Purity
PIE: √peu (clean)**
The moral self contains no external elements.
Function: Supports independence.
444. Internal-Security
PIE: √segh (hold, guard)**
Nothing external can damage the internal self.
Function: Eliminates fear.
445. Internal-Continuity
PIE: √ten (stretch over time)**
The self persists across time through stable judgment.
Function: Grounds personal stability.
446. Internal-Identity
PIE: √eyd (to appear → identity)**
Identity is constituted by moral commitments, not externals.
Function: Eliminates reputation-based self-worth.
447. Internal-Structure
PIE: √strew (arrange)**
The organized architecture of the ruling faculty.
Function: Enables rational function.
448. Internal-Architecture
PIE: √ar (fit, assemble)**
The structural fit of the parts of the moral self.
Function: Ensures functional unity.
449. Internal-Direction
PIE: √der (turn)**
The orientation of the self toward virtue.
Function: Defines moral trajectory.
450. Internal-Completion
PIE: √pele (finish)**
The self fulfilled entirely by internal activity.
Function: Blueprint of happiness.
SECTION C — FREEDOM, CHOICE, AND MORAL AUTONOMY
(451–480)
451. Choice-Recognition
PIE: √geus (taste, choose)**
Seeing choice as the internal act of assent.
Function: Basis of moral agency.
452. Choice-Freedom
PIE: √prī (free)**
Choice is free because its cause is internal.
Function: Core of metaphysical libertarianism.
453. Choice-Independence
PIE: √swe (self)**
Choice depends on nothing outside the ruling faculty.
Function: Removes fatalistic resignation.
454. Choice-Integrity
PIE: √tag (integrate)**
Choice unified with character and purpose.
Function: Removes conflict.
455. Choice-Stability
PIE: √stah₂
Choice steady across circumstances.
Function: Removes vacillation.
456. Choice-Sufficiency
PIE: √swe
Choice alone is sufficient for virtue.
Function: Fundamental moral proposition.
457. Choice-Purity
PIE: √peu
Choice uncontaminated by external motives.
Function: Constitutes moral goodness.
458. Choice-Responsibility
PIE: √wes (to dwell → to account)**
(morphologically standardized)
Responsibility attaches to choice because its cause is internal.
Function: Moral accountability.
459. Choice-Transparency
PIE: √ter
Choice visible to the self without distortion.
Function: Enables correction.
460. Choice-Completion
PIE: √pele
The internal fulfillment of moral choice.
Function: Realizes virtue.
SECTION D — IMPRESSIONS, REASON, AND MORAL REALISM
(481–500)
461. Impression-Being
PIE: √bhuH (to become)**
Impressions arise as appearances produced by external events.
Function: Bridges world and mind.
462. Impression-Arrival
PIE: √per (to come through)**
The coming-to-presence of impressions before the ruling faculty.
Function: Beginning of moral psychology.
463. Impression-Neutrality
PIE: √neut
Impressions are neither true nor false until judged.
Function: Supports suspension.
464. Impression-Transparency
PIE: √ter
The clear presentation of appearances as they are.
Function: Enables correct evaluation.
465. Impressive-Structure
PIE: √strew (arrange)**
The internal structure of an impression’s proposition.
Function: Necessary for analysis.
466. Reason-Recognition
PIE: √reg (rule, straighten)**
Reason as the faculty that evaluates impressions.
Function: The essence of rationality.
467. Reason-Sufficiency
PIE: √swe
Reason alone is sufficient for correct judgment.
Function: Moral autonomous foundation.
468. Reason-Transparency
PIE: √ter
Reason sees its own operations clearly.
Function: Prevents self-deception.
469. Reason-Constancy
PIE: √stah₂
Reason remains stable when externals shift.
Function: Core of internal discipline.
470. Reason-Alignment
PIE: √leg
Reason aligned with internal goods and truth.
Function: Defines virtue.
471. Truth-Recognition
PIE: √deru (solid, firm)**
Seeing truth as that which corresponds to reality.
Function: Correspondence theory of truth.
472. Truth-Independence
PIE: √prī (free)**
Truth exists independently of belief.
Function: Realist foundation.
473. Moral-Truth-Recognition
PIE: √mor (custom → moral)**
Recognizing moral truths as aspects of reality.
Function: Moral realism.
474. Moral-Truth-Independence
PIE: √prī
Moral truths are independent of desire or opinion.
Function: Ethical intuitionism base.
475. Moral-Intuition
PIE: √weid (to see)**
Direct apprehension of moral truth.
Function: Foundation of Sterling’s epistemology.
476. Moral-Realism
PIE: √re (true)**
The view that moral propositions correspond to reality.
Function: Governs all moral reasoning.
477. Moral-Causation
PIE: √gen (produce)**
Correct judgment produces moral goodness.
Function: Defines virtue.
478. Moral-Architecture
PIE: √ar (fit together)**
The structural unity of moral truths.
Function: Basis of LSSE.
479. Moral-Completion
PIE: √pele
The full realization of moral truth in judgment.
Function: Constitutes virtue.
480. Reason-Completion
PIE: √pele
Reason achieving its perfected activity.
Function: Marks τέλος of epistemic development.
(481–500)
481. World-Self-Division
PIE: √bhergh (border)**
The final and absolute boundary between internal and external.
Function: Ultimate foundation of Stoicism.
482. World-Self-Alignment
PIE: √leg (gather)**
Aligning one’s internal life harmoniously with the facts of the world.
Function: Produces serenity.
483. World-Self-Ordering
PIE: √ar (fit)**
The rational ordering of self in relation to external reality.
Function: Enables correct posture.
484. World-Self-Integrity
PIE: √tag
The unity of internal character with the nature of reality.
Function: Final harmony.
485. World-Self-Freedom
PIE: √prī
Freedom achieved when the ruling faculty is undisturbed by externals.
Function: Sage-level independence.
486. External-Subjection
PIE: √sug (with) + √gʷeh (to hold)**
The condition of things outside one’s power being governed by external causes.
Function: Contrasts with internal sovereignty.
487. Internal-Sovereignty
PIE: √reg (to rule)**
The ruling faculty’s absolute control over judgment and impulse.
Function: Ultimate metaphysical principle.
488. Ontological-Independence
PIE: √prī
Internal reality exists independently of external causation.
Function: Anchors moral autonomy.
489. Ontological-Simplicity
PIE: √sem (one)**
The internal faculty is simple, uncompounded, and unified.
Function: Basis of freedom.
490. Ontological-Completion
PIE: √pele
Being complete in one’s internal nature.
Function: Condition of virtue.
491. Final-Posture
PIE: √stā (to stand)**
The perfected stance of reason toward impressions.
Function: The sage’s condition.
492. Final-Unity
PIE: √oino (one)**
Complete unity of judgment, character, impulse, and action.
Function: Full virtue.
493. Final-Clarity
PIE: √kel (call clearly)**
Perfect clarity of impression and judgment.
Function: Perfect reason.
494. Final-Freedom
PIE: √prī
Freedom in the absolute sense: unaffected by any external.
Function: The end of Stoic training.
495. Final-Goodness
PIE: √gen (to beget → good)**
The internal goodness produced by perfected judgment.
Function: Essence of virtue.
496. Final-Truth
PIE: √re (true)**
Truth fully apprehended and lived.
Function: Synthesis of epistemic and moral perfection.
497. Final-Structure
PIE: √strew (arrange)**
The final structure of the self aligned with reality.
Function: Culmination of LSSE.
498. Teleological-Completion
PIE: √tele (end, goal — standardized PIE form)**
The completion of the self’s moral end.
Function: The telos realized.
499. Sage-Structure
PIE: √strew (arrange)**
The total internal configuration of the Sage.
Function: Ideal model.
500. Sage-Identity
PIE: √eyd (to appear → identity)**
The identity of the Sage as perfected internal sovereignty.
Function: The final term of the lexicon.
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