GREEK-ENGLISH CONCORDANCE (REVISED)

GREEK-ENGLISH CONCORDANCE (REVISED)

**Complete Index of Greek Technical Terms with English Equivalents**

### **PURPOSE**

This concordance serves multiple functions:

1. **Scholarly Reference** - Locate Greek philosophical vocabulary within the system

2. **Translation Aid** - See how the system renders classical terms

3. **Comparative Study** - Compare the system's usage to ancient Stoic sources

4. **Etymological Research** - Trace terms back to Greek roots

**Organization:** Alphabetical by Greek term, with:

- Transliteration

- Greek script

- PIE etymology

- Term number(s) where it appears

- English translation(s) used

- Classical Stoic usage notes

---

### **Α (Alpha)**

#### **Adiaphoria (ἀδιαφορία)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + διά "through" + φέρω "to carry" ← PIE *bʰer-  

**Term:** 52 (External-Indifference)  

**English:** indifference  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic technical term for things neither good nor evil; externals. The system maintains traditional usage but emphasizes strict value-neutrality.

#### **Agathon (ἀγαθόν)**

**Etymology:** ἀγαθός "good" ← PIE *h₂geh₂- "to gather" (or pre-Greek)  

**Term:** 27 (Internal-Good)  

**English:** good  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics restricted "good" to virtue alone; the system follows this rigorously.

#### **Aitia (αἰτία)**

**Etymology:** αἴτιος "responsible" ← PIE *h₂ey-t-  

**Term:** 407 (External-Causation), 422 (Internal-Causation), 438 (Moral-Causation)  

**English:** cause, causation  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics distinguished external (physical) from internal (mental) causation. The system develops this distinction through substance dualism.

#### **Akatharsia (ἀκαθαρσία)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + καθαρός "pure" ← PIE *keh₂dʰ-  

**Term:** Related to 99 (Cognitive-Purity), 399 (Training-Purity)  

**English:** impurity  

**Classical Usage:** Moral contamination; the system uses this for cognitive corruption by externals.

#### **Akrasia (ἀκρασία)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + κράτος "power" ← PIE *kret-  

**Term:** Implicitly addressed in 18 (Self-Consistency), 17 (Self-Command)  

**English:** weakness of will  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics denied akrasia is possible if one truly knows the good. The system resolves this through homologia.

#### **Alētheia (ἀλήθεια)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + λήθω "to escape notice" ← PIE *leh₂dʰ-  

**Term:** 444 (Truth-Recognition), 445 (Truth-Independence), 446 (Moral-Truth), 455 (Truth-Correspondence), 466 (Final-Truth)  

**English:** truth  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics held truth = correspondence to reality. The system explicitly endorses correspondence theory as Sterling's commitment #5.

#### **Anagnōrisis (ἀναγνώρισις)**

**Etymology:** ἀνά "up" + γνωρίζω "to make known" ← PIE *ǵneh₃-  

**Term:** Appears in 61 (Appearance-Recognition), 351 (Discipline-Recognition), 359 (Training-Recognition), 366 (Examination-Recognition), 380 (Vigilance-Recognition), 384 (Readiness-Recognition), 416 (Self-Recognition), 430 (Freedom-Recognition), 444 (Truth-Recognition)  

**English:** recognition  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for identifying the nature of mental operations.

#### **Anamnēsis (ἀνάμνησις)**

**Etymology:** ἀνά "up, back" + μιμνῄσκω "to remember" ← PIE *men-  

**Term:** 11 (Reflection)  

**English:** reflection, recollection  

**Classical Usage:** Platonic term for recollection of Forms; the system uses this for retrospective examination of judgments, not metaphysical recollection.

#### **Anaskopēsis (ἀνασκόπησις)**

**Etymology:** ἀνά "up" + σκοπέω "to look" ← PIE *speḱ-  

**Term:** 372 (Evening-Review)  

**English:** review  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for evening examination practice.

#### **Apatheia (ἀπάθεια)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + πάθος "passion" ← PIE *peh₂-  

**Term:** Not a separate term in the lexicon (concept distributed across Tier 4 and emotional regulation terms)  

**English:** freedom from passion  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic ideal: the sage has no pathē (irrational emotions), only eupatheiai (good feelings). The system explains how apatheia results from correct assent.

#### **Aprosbēsia (ἀπροσβλησία)**

**Etymology:** ἀ- "not" + πρός "toward" + βάλλω "to throw" ← PIE *gʷelh₁-  

**Term:** 441 (Freedom-Invulnerability), 469 (Sage-Invulnerability)  

**English:** invulnerability  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic term for the sage's immunity to harm. The system grounds this in metaphysics: nothing external can harm prohairesis.

#### **Aretē (ἀρετή)**

**Etymology:** Possibly ← ἀρ- (root meaning "fit together") or from ἀρέσκω "to please"  

**Term:** Concept underlying all of Tier 8 (Virtue Structure, 301-350)  

**English:** virtue, excellence  

**Classical Usage:** The sole good for Stoics. The system maintains this but grounds it in moral realism.

#### **Arkheion (ἀρχεῖον)**

**Etymology:** ἀρχή "beginning, rule" ← PIE *h₂erǵ-  

**Term:** Related to 456 (Moral-Architecture)  

**English:** archive, principle  

**Classical Usage:** Not standard Stoic; the system uses this for systematic structure.

#### **Askēsis (ἄσκησις)**

**Etymology:** ἀσκέω "to exercise" ← PIE *h₂es-k-  

**Term:** 359-365 (Training-Recognition through Training-Endurance), related to all of Tier 9  

**English:** training, exercise, practice  

**Classical Usage:** Critical Stoic term for disciplined practice. The system emphasizes systematic training as essential for virtue development.

#### **Autarkeia (αὐτάρκεια)**

**Etymology:** αὐτός "self" + ἀρκέω "to suffice" ← PIE *h₂erk-  

**Term:** 37 (Self-Sufficiency), 419 (Self-Sufficiency of Self), 433 (Choice-Sufficiency), 452 (Reason-Sufficiency)  

**English:** self-sufficiency  

**Classical Usage:** Core Stoic principle: the sage needs nothing external. The system grounds this metaphysically in substance dualism.

#### **Autokrateia (αὐτοκράτεια)**

**Etymology:** αὐτός "self" + κράτος "power" ← PIE *kret-  

**Term:** 17 (Self-Command)  

**English:** self-command, self-mastery  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic term for rational control over impulses. The system emphasizes this as expression of internal sovereignty.

---

### **Β (Beta)**

#### **Boulēsis (βούλησις)**

**Etymology:** βούλομαι "to will, wish" ← PIE *gʷelh₁-  

**Term:** 14 (Will / Rational-Wish)  

**English:** will, rational wish  

**Classical Usage:** One of three eupatheiai (good feelings); rational desire for the good. The system distinguishes this from mere wanting.

#### **Bouleusis (βούλευσις)**

**Etymology:** βούλομαι "to will, deliberate" ← PIE *gʷelh₁-  

**Term:** 12 (Deliberation)  

**English:** deliberation  

**Classical Usage:** The process of weighing courses of action. The system sees this as reason's evaluation before assent.

---

### **Γ (Gamma)**

#### **Gnōsis (γνῶσις)**

**Etymology:** γιγνώσκω "to know" ← PIE *ǵneh₃-  

**Term:** Underlying 8 (Reason/Logos), 416 (Self-Recognition), epistemic terms throughout  

**English:** knowledge  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics distinguished knowledge (secure grasp) from mere opinion. The system's foundationalism and intuitionism explain how we achieve gnōsis.

#### **Gnōstikos (γνωστικός)**

**Etymology:** γιγνώσκω ← PIE *ǵneh₃-  

**Term:** 72 (Cognitive-Suspension), 95 (Cognitive-Guard), 99 (Cognitive-Purity)  

**English:** cognitive  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient term; the system uses this for mental/epistemic operations.

---

### **Δ (Delta)**

#### **Diairesis (διαίρεσις)**

**Etymology:** διά "apart" + αἱρέω "to take" ← PIE *ser-  

**Term:** 70 (Description-vs-Judgment-Division), 458 (World-Self-Division)  

**English:** division, separation  

**Classical Usage:** General philosophical term for making distinctions. The system uses this for fundamental metaphysical divisions.

#### **Diaisthēsis (διαίσθησις)**

**Etymology:** διά "through" + αἴσθησις "perception" ← PIE *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-  

**Term:** 448 (Moral-Intuition), 449 (Ethical-Intuitionism)  

**English:** intuition, perception  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for direct rational apprehension of moral truth (Sterling's commitment #3).

#### **Diakrisis (διάκρισις)**

**Etymology:** διά "through" + κρίνω "to judge" ← PIE *krey-  

**Term:** 16 (Discernment), 402 (Mind-Body-Distinction)  

**English:** discernment, distinction  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic emphasis on distinguishing what's up to us. The system makes this the foundational skill.

#### **Diorthōsis (διόρθωσις)**

**Etymology:** διά "through" + ὀρθόω "to straighten" ← PIE *h₃er-dʰ-  

**Term:** 357 (Discipline-Correction), 378 (Error-Correction)  

**English:** correction  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic practice of correcting false judgments. The system systematizes this in daily practice.

#### **Dokimasia (δοκιμασία)**

**Etymology:** δοκιμάζω "to test" ← PIE *deḱ-  

**Term:** 68 (Internal-External-Test), 82 (Position-Testing)  

**English:** test, examination  

**Classical Usage:** Testing impressions before assent. Central to Stoic epistemology; the system makes this explicit and methodical.

#### **Domē (δομή)**

**Etymology:** δέμω "to build" ← PIE *dem-  

**Term:** 403 (Reality-Structure), 426 (Internal-Structure), 468 (Sage-Structure)  

**English:** structure  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for systematic architecture.

---

### **Ε (Epsilon)**

#### **Ekklisis (ἔκκλισις)**

**Etymology:** ἐκ "out" + κλίνω "to lean" ← PIE *ḱley-  

**Term:** 5 (Aversion)  

**English:** aversion  

**Classical Usage:** One of four basic movements of soul; rational avoidance of evil. Stoics restrict this to internals only; the system maintains this restriction.

#### **Elegkhos (ἔλεγχος)**

**Etymology:** ἐλέγχω "to test, refute" ← PIE *lenǵʰ-  

**Term:** 69 (Reality-Check), 75 (Counter-Image-Check), 85 (Counterexample-Check)  

**English:** test, check, examination  

**Classical Usage:** Socratic cross-examination. The system uses this for testing impressions against reality.

#### **Eleutheria (ἐλευθερία)**

**Etymology:** ἐλεύθερος "free" ← PIE *h₁lewdʰ-  

**Term:** 20 (Internal-Freedom), 430 (Freedom-Recognition), 431 (Choice-Freedom), 435 (Libertarian-Freedom), 436 (Contra-Causal-Freedom), 441 (Freedom-Invulnerability), 442 (Freedom-Completion), 464 (Final-Freedom)  

**English:** freedom, liberty  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics held only the sage is free because only internal sovereignty is real freedom. The system grounds this in libertarian metaphysics (Sterling's commitment #2).

#### **Endoteros (ἐνδότερος)**

**Etymology:** ἔνδον "within" ← PIE *h₁én-  

**Term:** 20 (Internal-Freedom - ἐλευθερία ἐνδοτέρα)  

**English:** internal, inner  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient term; the system emphasizes internality.

#### **Energeia (ἐνέργεια)**

**Etymology:** ἐν "in" + ἔργον "work" ← PIE *werǵ-  

**Term:** 25 (Internal-Action)  

**English:** activity, operation, action  

**Classical Usage:** Aristotelian term adopted by Stoics for actualized activity. The system uses this for prohairetic operations.

#### **Epagōgē (ἐπαγωγή)**

**Etymology:** ἐπί "upon" + ἄγω "to lead" ← PIE *h₂eǵ-  

**Term:** Not a separate term but concept present in examination process  

**English:** induction  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system is more deductive from self-evident principles.

#### **Epochē (ἐποχή)**

**Etymology:** ἐπέχω "to hold back" ← ἐπί "upon" + ἔχω "to hold" ← PIE *seǵʰ-  

**Term:** 72 (Cognitive-Suspension)  

**English:** suspension (of judgment)  

**Classical Usage:** Skeptic term for withholding assent. Stoics use conditionally: suspend when evidence insufficient. The system systematizes this.

#### **Esōterikos (ἐσωτερικός)**

**Etymology:** ἔσω "within" ← PIE *h₁én-  

**Term:** Throughout Tier 2: 21 (Internal-Domain), 23 (Sphere-of-Internals), 25 (Internal-Action), 27 (Internal-Good), etc.  

**English:** internal, inner  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient technical term; the system uses this systematically for all operations of prohairesis.

#### **Ēthos (ἦθος)**

**Etymology:** PIE *swedʰ- "custom, habit"  

**Term:** Underlying all of Tier 7 (Character Formation, 251-300)  

**English:** character  

**Classical Usage:** Aristotle and Stoics: character formed by habituation. The system: character = accumulated pattern of assents.

#### **Eudaimonia (εὐδαιμονία)**

**Etymology:** εὖ "well, good" + δαίμων "spirit, fortune"  

**Term:** Not a separate term but concept = 471 (Telos-Achievement)  

**English:** happiness, flourishing  

**Classical Usage:** The ultimate good. Stoics: eudaimonia = virtue. The system maintains this identity.

#### **Eupatheia (εὐπάθεια)**

**Etymology:** εὖ "good" + πάθος "feeling" ← PIE *peh₂-  

**Term:** Distributed across Tier 4 (good emotions resulting from correct assent)  

**English:** good feeling  

**Classical Usage:** Three eupatheiai: boulēsis (rational wish), chara (joy), eulabeia (caution). Replace pathē in sage. The system explains these as products of correct judgment.

#### **Euthusis (εὐθυσις) / Euthunē (εὐθύνη)**

**Etymology:** εὐθύνω "to guide straight" ← εὐθύς "straight" ← PIE *h₁weydʰ-  

**Term:** 47 (Internal-Responsibility), 434 (Choice-Responsibility)  

**English:** responsibility, accountability  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for moral accountability grounded in libertarian freedom.

#### **Exetasis (ἐξέτασις)**

**Etymology:** ἐξ "out" + ἐτάζω "to test" ← PIE *set-  

**Term:** 366-370 (Examination-Recognition through Examination-Continuity)  

**English:** examination, inquiry  

**Classical Usage:** Socratic/Stoic examination of life and judgments. The system systematizes this as daily discipline.

#### **Exōterikos (ἐξωτερικός)**

**Etymology:** ἔξω "outside" ← PIE *h₁eǵʰs  

**Term:** Throughout Tier 2: 22 (External-Domain), 24 (Sphere-of-Externals), 26 (External-Event), 28 (External-Indifferent), etc.  

**English:** external, outer  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient technical term; the system uses this systematically for everything outside prohairesis.

---

### **Ζ (Zeta)**

#### **Zētēsis (ζήτησις)**

**Etymology:** ζητέω "to seek" ← PIE *dyeh₂-  

**Term:** Related to 84 (Disconfirmation-Search)  

**English:** search, inquiry  

**Classical Usage:** Philosophical inquiry. The system uses this for active testing of beliefs.

---

### **Η (Eta)**

#### **Hēgemonikon (ἡγεμονικόν)**

**Etymology:** ἡγεμών "leader" ← ἡγέομαι "to lead" ← PIE *sāg-  

**Term:** Not a separate term but concept = 7 (Prohairesis), 416 (Self-Recognition)  

**English:** ruling faculty, commanding faculty  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic term for the rational, governing part of the soul. The system: hēgemonikon = prohairesis = the self.

#### **Hēthikos (ἠθικός)**

**Etymology:** ἦθος "character" ← PIE *swedʰ-  

**Term:** 437 (Moral-Agency), 438 (Moral-Causation), 446 (Moral-Truth), 447 (Moral-Realism), 448 (Moral-Intuition), 449 (Ethical-Intuitionism), 456 (Moral-Architecture)  

**English:** moral, ethical  

**Classical Usage:** Pertaining to character and morals. The system uses this extensively for moral philosophy framework.

#### **Homologia (ὁμολογία)**

**Etymology:** ὁμός "same" + λόγος "reason" ← PIE *sem- + *leǵ-  

**Term:** 18 (Self-Consistency)  

**English:** agreement, consistency  

**Classical Usage:** Core Stoic principle: living in agreement with oneself and nature. The system emphasizes internal logical consistency as foundation of virtue.

#### **Horisis (ὁρισις) / Horos (ὅρος)**

**Etymology:** ὁρίζω "to bound" ← ὅρος "boundary" ← PIE *h₃er-  

**Term:** 45 (Internal-Limit), 46 (External-Limit), 408 (External-Limit), 420 (Self-Boundary), 440 (Causal-Boundary)  

**English:** boundary, limit, definition  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics emphasized precise definitions. The system uses this for fundamental boundaries (especially internal-external).

#### **Hormē (ὁρμή)**

**Etymology:** ὄρνυμι "to set in motion" ← PIE *h₃er-  

**Term:** 3 (Impulse)  

**English:** impulse  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic term: the inward movement toward action following assent. The system: impulse is the psychological link between judgment and action.

---

### **Θ (Theta)**

#### **Theōrēsis (θεώρησις)**

**Etymology:** θεωρέω "to observe" ← θεά "viewing" + ὁράω "to see" ← PIE *wer-  

**Term:** 9 (Observation - κατανόησις used instead), 63 (Neutral-Observation)  

**English:** observation, contemplation  

**Classical Usage:** Philosophical observation. The system uses this for pre-judgmental awareness.

---

### **Ι (Iota)**

#### **Ischus (ἰσχύς)**

**Etymology:** ἰσχύω "to be strong" ← PIE *seǵʰ-  

**Term:** 39 (Internal-Strength)  

**English:** strength, force  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for stability from correct judgment.

---

### **Κ (Kappa)**

#### **Kakon (κακόν)**

**Etymology:** Etymology uncertain; possibly pre-Greek  

**Term:** 29 (Internal-Evil)  

**English:** evil, bad  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics: only vice is evil. The system maintains this restriction rigorously.

#### **Katanoēsis (κατανόησις)**

**Etymology:** κατά "down" + νοέω "to perceive" ← PIE *ǵneh₃-  

**Term:** 9 (Observation)  

**English:** observation, comprehension  

**Classical Usage:** Not standard Stoic; the system uses this for noticing impressions before judging.

#### **Katharsis (κάθαρσις)**

**Etymology:** καθαρός "pure" ← PIE *keh₂dʰ-  

**Term:** 356 (Discipline-Purification)  

**English:** purification, cleansing  

**Classical Usage:** Aristotelian dramatic term; Stoics use for moral purification. The system: removing external motives from practice.

#### **Katorthōma (κατόρθωμα)**

**Etymology:** κατά "according to" + ὀρθός "straight" ← PIE *h₃er-dʰ-  

**Term:** 471 (Telos-Achievement - κατόρθωσις τέλους)  

**English:** right action, perfect action, success  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic term for perfectly virtuous action (vs. kathēkon = appropriate action). The system: only the sage performs katorthōmata consistently.

#### **Kosmos (κόσμος)**

**Etymology:** Etymology uncertain  

**Term:** 414 (World-Continuity), 415 (World-Indifference), 458-460 (World-Self terms)  

**English:** world, order, cosmos  

**Classical Usage:** Stoics: the cosmos is rational and providential. Sterling decoupled ethics from cosmic physics but the system retains world as field of externals.

#### **Kratos (κράτος)**

**Etymology:** PIE *kret- "power"  

**Term:** 17 (Self-Command - αὐτοκράτεια)  

**English:** power, rule, strength  

**Classical Usage:** Power or mastery. The system: self-command is internal sovereignty.

#### **Krisis (κρίσις)**

**Etymology:** κρίνω "to separate, judge" ← PIE *krey-  

**Term:** 6 (Judgment)  

**English:** judgment, decision  

**Classical Usage:** The ruling faculty's evaluation. The system: judgment is the central moral operation determining all subsequent states.

#### **Kuriarchēa / Kuriotēs (κυριότης)**

**Etymology:** κύριος "lord" ← PIE *kewh₂-  

**Term:** 41 (Internal-Ownership), 94 (Impression-Mastery), 423 (Internal-Sovereignty)  

**English:** lordship, mastery, sovereignty, ownership  

**Classical Usage:** Authority and control. The system: prohairesis has absolute sovereignty over itself.

---

### **Λ (Lambda)**

#### **Logos (λόγος)**

**Etymology:** λέγω "to speak, gather" ← PIE *leǵ-  

**Term:** 8 (Reason), 18 (Self-Consistency - ὁμολογία), 451-457 (Reason-Authority through Reason-Completion)  

**English:** reason, word, ratio, principle  

**Classical Usage:** Multivalent Stoic term: universal reason, human rationality, rational principle. The system: logos is the normative standard for all judgment.

#### **Logikos (λογικός)**

**Etymology:** λόγος ← PIE *leǵ-  

**Term:** 71 (Rational-Pause), 80 (Rational-Refinement), 90 (Rational-Conclusion)  

**English:** rational, reasonable  

**Classical Usage:** According to reason. The system uses this for operations conforming to logos.

---

### **Μ (Mu)**

#### **Monimotēs (μονιμότης)**

**Etymology:** μόνιμος "stable" ← μένω "to remain" ← PIE *men-  

**Term:** 454 (Reason-Constancy)  

**English:** permanence, constancy  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for unchanging rational standard.

---

### **Ν (Nu)**

#### **Noētikos (νοητικός)**

**Etymology:** νοέω "to think" ← νοῦς "mind" ← PIE *ǵneh₃-  

**Term:** 98 (Mental-Simplicity)  

**English:** mental, intellectual  

**Classical Usage:** Pertaining to mind/thought. The system uses this for operations of ruling faculty.

#### **Nous (νοῦς)**

**Etymology:** PIE *ǵneh₃- "to know"  

**Term:** Not a separate term but concept underlying 8 (Logos/Reason)  

**English:** mind, intellect, reason  

**Classical Usage:** The rational faculty. Stoics sometimes used interchangeably with logos. The system: the capacity for rational insight (related to intuitionism).

---

### **Ο (Omicron)**

#### **Oikeiōsis (οἰκείωσις)**

**Etymology:** οἰκεῖος "belonging to the house" ← οἶκος "house"  

**Term:** Not explicitly present as separate term  

**English:** appropriation, familiarization  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic developmental theory: natural affinity expanding from self to cosmos. The system: handled implicitly through internal-external framework; social extension covered by existing terms.

#### **Orexis (ὄρεξις)**

**Etymology:** ὀρέγω "to reach out" ← PIE *h₃reǵ-  

**Term:** 4 (Desire)  

**English:** desire, appetite  

**Classical Usage:** Rational striving toward the good. Stoics restrict to internals. The system maintains this restriction strictly.

#### **Orthos (ὀρθός)**

**Etymology:** PIE *h₃er-dʰ- "straight"  

**Term:** 91 (Correct-Assent - ὀρθὴ συγκατάθεσις), 471 (Telos-Achievement - κατόρθωσις)  

**English:** straight, correct, right  

**Classical Usage:** Correctness, especially moral/rational correctness. The system: assent is "straight" when aligned with reality and internals.

#### **Ousia (οὐσία)**

**Etymology:** οὖσα (feminine participle of εἰμί "to be") ← PIE *h₁es-  

**Term:** 401 (Substance-Dualism - διπλασιασμὸς οὐσίας)  

**English:** substance, essence, being  

**Classical Usage:** Aristotelian metaphysical term. Stoics materialist about ousia. Sterling adopted substance dualism (commitment #1), breaking with Stoic materialism.

---

### **Π (Pi)**

#### **Pathē (πάθη) / Pathos (πάθος)**

**Etymology:** πάσχω "to suffer, experience" ← PIE *peh₂-  

**Term:** Distributed across Tier 4 (passions/irrational emotions)  

**English:** passion, emotion, suffering  

**Classical Usage:** Four primary pathē: fear, desire, pleasure, distress. Result from false value judgments. The system: all pathē arise from assent to external-value claims.

#### **Peitharchēa (πειθαρχία)**

**Etymology:** πείθομαι "to obey" + ἀρχή "rule" ← PIE *bʰeydʰ- + *h₂erǵ-  

**Term:** 351-358 (Discipline-Recognition through Discipline-Reorientation), 388-390 (Discipline-Posture through Discipline-Renewal)  

**English:** discipline, obedience  

**Classical Usage:** Obedience to authority. The system: self-discipline as acceptance of rational constraints.

#### **Phantasia (φαντασία)**

**Etymology:** φαίνω "to show, appear" ← PIE *bʰeh₂-  

**Term:** 1 (Impression), 30 (External-Illusion), 32 (Extrinsic-Appearance), 100 (Impression-Completion)  

**English:** impression, appearance, presentation  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic epistemological term: the propositional appearance presented to mind. The system: origin-point of all cognition.

#### **Praktikē (πρακτική)**

**Etymology:** πρακτικός "practical" ← πράσσω "to do" ← PIE *preh₂ǵ-  

**Term:** 395-397 (Practice-Security through Practice-Vigor), 400 (Practice-Completion)  

**English:** practice  

**Classical Usage:** Practical action. The system: daily implementation of theory.

#### **Pragmatikotēs (πραγματικότης)**

**Etymology:** πρᾶγμα "thing, deed" ← πράσσω ← PIE *preh₂ǵ-  

**Term:** 403 (Reality-Structure), 413 (Reality-Transparency), 414 (Reality-Sufficiency)  

**English:** reality  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient term; the system uses this for objective reality independent of judgment.

#### **Prohairesis (προαίρεσις)**

**Etymology:** πρό "before" + αἱρέω "to choose" ← PIE *ser-  

**Term:** 7 (Choice/Moral-Faculty), 15 (Moral-Aim - σκοπὸς προαιρετικός), 19 (Moral-Identity - ταυτότης προαιρετική), 431-434 (Choice-Freedom through Choice-Responsibility), 470 (Prohairesis-Perfection)  

**English:** choice, moral faculty, will  

**Classical Usage:** Epictetus's signature term for the faculty of choice/assent. The system: prohairesis IS the self; absolutely sovereign and inviolable.

#### **Prosochē (προσοχή)**

**Etymology:** πρός "toward" + ἔχω "to hold" ← PIE *seǵʰ-  

**Term:** 10 (Attention)  

**English:** attention, vigilance  

**Classical Usage:** Epictetan term for continuous mindfulness of impressions. The system: essential protective discipline.

#### **Protasis (πρότασις)**

**Etymology:** προτείνω "to propose" ← πρό "before" + τείνω "to stretch" ← PIE *ten-  

**Term:** 65 (Proposition-Identification), 81 (Proposition-Clarification)  

**English:** proposition  

**Classical Usage:** Logical proposition. The system: the explicit claim embedded in impression.

#### **Psuchē (ψυχή)**

**Etymology:** ψύχω "to breathe" ← PIE *bʰes-  

**Term:** 402 (Mind-Body-Distinction - διάκρισις ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος)  

**English:** soul, mind  

**Classical Usage:** The soul. Stoics: material but rational. Sterling's system: immaterial (substance dualism).

---

### **Ρ (Rho)**

#### **Realismus (ῥεαλισμός)**

**Etymology:** Modern formation ← Med.Lat. realis ← Lat. res "thing" ← PIE *reh₁-  

**Term:** 446-447 (Moral-Truth and Moral-Realism - ἠθικὸς ῥεαλισμός)  

**English:** realism  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient; the system uses this for Sterling's commitment #6: moral properties are real.

---

### **Σ (Sigma)**

#### **Saphēneia (σαφήνεια)**

**Etymology:** σαφής "clear" ← PIE *seh₂-  

**Term:** 49 (Domain-Clarity), 81 (Proposition-Clarification - σαφήνισις), 97 (Inner-Clarity), 369 (Examination-Clarity), 463 (Final-Clarity)  

**English:** clarity, distinctness  

**Classical Usage:** Clarity of thought/expression. The system: especially clarity about internal-external boundary.

#### **Skopos (σκοπός)**

**Etymology:** σκοπέω "to look at" ← PIE *speḱ-  

**Term:** 13 (Aim/Intention), 15 (Moral-Aim - σκοπὸς προαιρετικός)  

**English:** aim, target, goal  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic term for the target of action. The system: skopos prohairetikos = keeping prohairesis aligned with reason.

#### **Sophia (σοφία)**

**Etymology:** σοφός "wise" ← PIE *sebʰ- or *seh₂-  

**Term:** Underlying all of Tier 8 (Wisdom as cardinal virtue), 468-469 (Sage-Structure and Sage-Invulnerability)  

**English:** wisdom  

**Classical Usage:** First cardinal virtue; knowledge of good/evil. The sage (sophos) possesses complete wisdom. The system: wisdom = perfect practical reason.

#### **Sophos (σοφός)**

**Etymology:** PIE *sebʰ- or *seh₂- "wise"  

**Term:** 468 (Sage-Structure - δομὴ σοφοῦ), 469 (Sage-Invulnerability - ἀπροσβλησία σοφοῦ)  

**English:** sage, wise person  

**Classical Usage:** The Stoic ideal: one who has achieved perfect virtue. Extremely rare (maybe never existed). The system: structural description of perfected prohairesis.

#### **Sōma (σῶμα)**

**Etymology:** Etymology uncertain  

**Term:** 402 (Mind-Body-Distinction - διάκρισις ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος)  

**English:** body  

**Classical Usage:** The physical body. Stoics: material and morally indifferent. The system: distinct substance from mind.

#### **Statherotēs (σταθερότης)**

**Etymology:** σταθερός "stable" ← ἵστημι "to stand" ← PIE *steh₂-  

**Term:** 43 (Internal-Stability), 353 (Discipline-Stability), 386 (Readiness-Stability), 396 (Practice-Stability)  

**English:** stability  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for unchanging nature of virtue/reason.

#### **Stoichisis (στοίχισις)**

**Etymology:** στοῖχος "row, line" ← PIE *steygʰ-  

**Term:** 50 (Domain-Alignment), 96 (Reality-Alignment), 459 (World-Self-Alignment)  

**English:** alignment  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient term; the system uses this for bringing judgment into line with reality/internals.

#### **Sunaisthēmatikos (συναισθηματικός)**

**Etymology:** σύν "together" + αἴσθησις "feeling" ← PIE *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-  

**Term:** 76 (Emotional-Layer-Removal - ἀφαίρεσις συναισθηματικοῦ στρώματος)  

**English:** emotional  

**Classical Usage:** Not ancient; the system uses this for affective coloration to be removed from impressions.

#### **Sunecheia (συνέχεια)**

**Etymology:** σύν "together" + ἔχω "to hold" ← PIE *seǵʰ-  

**Term:** 370 (Examination-Continuity), 389 (Discipline-Continuity), 414 (World-Continuity), 425 (Internal-Continuity)  

**English:** continuity  

**Classical Usage:** Stoic cosmological term for cohesion. The system: persistence of practice/character across time.

#### **Sunkatathesis (συγκατάθεσις)**

**Etymology:** σύν "together" + κατά "down" + τίθημι "to place" ← PIE *dʰeh₁-  

**Term:** 2 (Assent), 78 (Assent-Delay), 86-87 (Assent-Readiness and Assent-Withholding), 91-92 (Correct-Assent and Incorrect-Assent), 93 (Assent-Habit)  

**English:** assent  

**Classical Usage:** Central Stoic term: the act of accepting an impression as true. The system: the critical choice-point determining all subsequent moral states.

---

### **Τ (Tau)**

#### **Tautotēs (ταυτότης)**

**Etymology:** τὸ αὐτό "the same" ← PIE *tā-  

**Term:** 19 (Moral-Identity - ταυτότης προαιρετική)  

**English:** sameness, identity  

**Classical Usage:** Not specifically Stoic; the system uses this for personal identity grounded in prohairesis.

#### **Teleiōsis (τελείωσις)**

**Etymology:** τέλειος "perfect" ← τέλος "end" ← PIE *kʷel-  

**Term:** 362 (Training-Completion), 400 (Practice-Completion), 429 (Self-Completion), 442 (Freedom-Completion), 457 (Reason-Completion), 467 (Teleological-Completion)  

**English:** completion, perfection  

**Classical Usage:** Achieving the telos. The system: progressive completion through tiers, culminating in sage-state.

#### **Telos (τέλος)**

**Etymology:** PIE *kʷel- "to turn, complete"  

**Term:** 467 (Teleological-Completion), 471 (Telos-Achievement)  

**English:** end, goal, purpose  

**Classical Usage:** The ultimate end of human life. Stoics: living according to nature = virtue. The system: perfected prohairesis is the telos.

---

### **Φ (Phi)**

#### **Phronēsis (φρόνησις)**

**Etymology:** φρονέω "to think" ← φρήν "mind"  

**Term:** Underlying wisdom terms in Tier 8  

**English:** practical wisdom, prudence  

**Classical Usage:** Aristotelian/Stoic cardinal virtue. The system: equates with wisdom as knowledge of good/evil applied in practice.

#### **Phulakē (φυλακή)**

**Etymology:** φυλάσσω "to guard" ← PIE *bʰel-  

**Term:** 51 (Internal-Guardianship), 95 (Cognitive-Guard)  

**English:** guard, protection  

**Classical Usage:** Military metaphor. The system: protecting prohairesis from corruption.

---

### **Χ (Chi)**

#### **Chara (χαρά)**

**Etymology:** χαίρω "to rejoice"  

**Term:** Not separate term but concept in Tier 4 (eupatheia)  

**English:** joy  

**Classical Usage:** One of three eupatheiai; rational joy at genuine good. The system: result of correct judgment about internals.

---

### **Ψ (Psi)**

(See **Psuchē** above under Pi)

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### **Ω (Omega)**

(No major terms begin with omega)

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## **COMPARATIVE NOTES**

### **Where the System Follows Classical Stoicism:**

- **Phantasia → Sunkatathesis → Hormē** sequence (1, 2, 3)

- **Internal-External distinction** as fundamental (Tier 2)

- **Examination of impressions** as central practice (Tier 3)

- **Virtue alone is good** (27)

- **Externals are indifferent** (28, 52)

- **Prohairesis as self** (7)

- **Prosochē as discipline** (10)

### **Where the System Departs from Classical Stoicism:**

- **Substance Dualism** (401) - ancient Stoics were materialists

- **Libertarian Free Will** (435-436) - ancient Stoics were determinists (with qualifications)

- **Decoupling from physics** - no cosmic pneuma, conflagration, or providence (Sterling's innovation)

- **Foundationalism** (450) - ancient Stoics were more empiricist

- **Ethical Intuitionism** (448-449) - explicit epistemological commitment

- **Correspondence Theory** (455) - more explicit than ancient sources

### **The System's Distinctive Greek Usage:**

- **Prohairesis** - elevated to central term (Epictetus's innovation, systematized in this lexicon)

- **Internal/External** (ἐσωτερικός/ἐξωτερικός) - not ancient technical terms but foundational to the system

- **Compound formations** - many modern compounds not in ancient sources

- **Systematic organization** - classical sources less systematically organized than this lexicon